太赫兹技术在无损检测、生物医学、工业检查、环境监测、局域通信和**安全等领域具有广阔的应用前景。太赫兹系统中太赫兹探测器是其核心器件，其性能决定了太赫兹系统的应用市场，是推动太赫兹技术进一步发展的重要研究方向之一。但是，太赫兹波段较低的光子能量使得实现高速、灵敏的太赫兹探测颇有挑战。随着纳米技术和新材料制备技术的进步，低维材料的高迁移率、宽响应频带等性能为太赫兹探测器提供了新的机遇，低维材料太赫兹探测器得到广泛关注，其主要优势是高灵敏度、宽频带和低噪声，在近年来取得了显著的研究进展。虽然太赫兹探测器已经取得突破性发展，但各类太赫兹探测器仍然存在一些问题。在此背景下，文中从太赫兹探测器的分类出发，简要介绍了测辐射热计、热释电探测器、等离子体共振探测器和热载流子调控探测器的物理机制以及最新研究进展，并展望了未来低维材料太赫兹探测器的发展方向。

Terahertz technology has broad application prospects in non-destructive testing, biomedicine, industrial inspection, environmental monitoring, local area communications and national defense security. The terahertz detector in the terahertz system is its core component. Its performance determines the application market of the terahertz system and is one of the important research directions to promote the further development of terahertz technology. However, the low photon energy in the terahertz band makes it challenging to achieve high-speed and sensitive terahertz detection. With the advancement of nanotechnology and new material preparation technology, the high mobility and wide response band of low-dimensional materials provide new opportunities for terahertz detectors. Low-dimensional materials terahertz detectors have received extensive attention and their main advantages is high sensitivity, wide frequency band and low noise, and has made significant research progress in recent years. Although terahertz detectors have achieved breakthrough development, there are still some problems with various terahertz detectors. In this context, starting from the classification of terahertz detectors, the physical mechanism and latest research progress of bolometers, pyroelectric detectors, plasmon resonance detectors and hot carrier control detectors were briefly introduced. And look forward to the future development direction of low-dimensional material terahertz detectors.