单光子探测器能够探测极微弱光信号, 具有较高的灵敏度, 在民用和**领域都有广泛的应用。近年来, 随着科学技术的飞速发展, 在传统光电探测器件不断优化和改进的同时, 其它新型光电探测器件也得到了极大发展且取得了重要技术成果。为深入了解单光子探测器的技术发展现状和趋势, 总结了目前具有代表性的单光子探测器在研究现状、技术难点和最新技术突破等方面的关键信息, 分析了光电倍增管和雪崩光电二极管等传统单光子探测器的优势与不足以及之后的技术发展方向, 同时还介绍了超导纳米线单光子探测器和基于新型2维材料的雪崩光电二极管等几类具有良好光电性能和巨大发展潜力的新型单光子探测器, 并对其发展前景进行了展望。

Single-photon detector can detect very weak light with high sensitivity, which has been widely used in the field of civil and national defense. With the development of technology, in addition to the optimization and improvement of traditional photodetectors, other new photodetectors have also been greatly developed and important technical achievements have been made. In order to deeply understand the development status and trend of single-photon detectors, the key information in research status, technical difficulties, and latest technological breakthroughs of representative single-photon detectors were summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional single-photon detectors such as photomultiplier tube and avalanche photodiode were analyzed as well as the future technical development direction. At the same time, the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and avalanche photodiode based on new 2-D materials with good photoperformance and great development potential were introduced. And the future direction was prospected.