为掌握渭南市道路积尘分布特征及影响因素, 获取道路积尘本地化参数和道路扬尘的管控依据, 基于光散射法利用道路积尘负荷车载式快速监测系统对渭南市城市道路积尘负荷进行了测定, 分析了不同类型道路的积尘负荷特征, 并研究了车流量、车重及道路抑尘方式等与积尘负荷的关系。研究结果表明, 渭南市道路积尘负荷平均值为 1.13 g·m-2, 不同类型道路积尘负荷大小呈支路 (1.79 g·m-2) > 次干道 (1.22 g·m-2) > 省道 (1.08 g·m-2) > 主干道 (0.94 g·m-2) > 国道 (0.71 g·m-2) 的特征; 车流量和车速变化与道路积尘负荷值均呈负相关, 即车流量和车速越大, 积尘负荷值越小; 此外, 洒水能有效降低道路积尘负荷值, 但保持时间较短, 因此建议改变重洒水弱清扫的作业模式, 重点关注清扫除尘。

In order to understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of road dust in Weinan City, China, and obtain the localization parameter of road dust and the basis for road dust control, the vehicle-mounted rapid monitoring system was used to measure the road dust load in Weinan based on light scattering method. The characteristics of dust load on different types of roads were analyzed, and the factors affecting the road dust load were explored based on the factors such as traffic flow, vehicle weight and road dust suppression methods. The results show that the average road dust load in Weinan is 1.13 g·m-2, and the dust load of different types of roads is characterized by branch road (1.79 g·m-2) > secondary trunk road (1.22 g·m-2) > provincial road (1.08 g·m-2) > main trunk road (0.94 g·m-2) > national road (0.71 g·m-2). It is also shown that traffic flow and vehicle speed are negatively correlated with the dust load value, that is, the greater the vehicle flow and speed, the smaller the dust load value. In addition, sprinkling water can effectively reduce the value of road dust load, but the retention time isshort. Therefore, it is suggested that the operation mode of heavy watering and weak cleaning should be changed, with the focus on dust cleaning and removal.