天然骨组织由有机纳米材料胶原纤维和无机纳米材料羟基磷灰石组成, 具有独特的微纳米结构以及传统人工合成材料无法比拟的生物功能和力学性能优势。在组织工程和再生医学的研究中, 模拟天然骨组织层次特征的微纳米结构生物材料是研究热点之一。近年来, 研究人员发现微纳米结构生物材料能有效调节细胞增殖、分化和迁移, 促进细胞成骨分化, 进而促进体内骨组织再生。本文综述了利用天然骨组织层次特征指导材料分层设计的研究进展以及微纳米结构生物材料的细胞相互作用特性和在骨组织工程中的应用, 以期为生物材料的设计提供新思路。

Natural bone has a unique micro-/nano-structure, which is composed of organic nanomaterials (collagen fibers) and inorganic nanomaterials (hydroxyapatite). Thus, compared with traditional synthetic materials, natural bone has incomparable advantages in biological, functional and mechanical properties. In the research of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, biomaterial scaffold with micro-/nano-structures simulating the characteristics of natural bone tissue are one of the research focuses. In recent years, researchers have found that micro-/nano-structured biomaterials can effectively regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and have a strong ability to promote cell osteogenic differentiation, so as to promote bone tissue regeneration in vivo. In this article, we focus on reviewing recent research progress of biomaterial design on simulating the hierarchical characteristics of natural bone, analyzing the complicated interaction between micro-/nano-structured biomaterials and cells, and summarizing their applications in bone tissue engineering to provide new ideas for the design of biomaterials.