表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术广泛应用于表面/界面科学、光谱学、生化检测、成像示踪等领域。金属烯碳纳米囊是一类由烯碳壳层包裹金属核组成的核壳纳米颗粒, 由于金属烯碳纳米囊具有高SERS灵敏度, 在复杂和极端的生化环境下优异的稳定性和光学性质, 因此在生化检测分析和成像示踪等领域备受关注。超薄烯碳壳层固有的化学惰性可以保护金属内核免受光生热电子、活性氧以及酶等外部因素的破坏, 从而使金属烯碳纳米囊展现出超稳定的拉曼信号。此外, 烯碳壳层的多个拉曼特征峰位(D、G、2D)可作为拉曼信号和内标信号, 进一步提高了拉曼定量检测的准确度。值得注意的是2D峰作为拉曼静默区域内的信号峰有利于减少体内生物分子的干扰。本文首先介绍了金属烯碳纳米囊的制备原理和基本性质, 概述了基于金属烯碳纳米囊的SERS检测和成像中的应用进展, 最后展望了金属烯碳纳米囊在疾病诊疗的前景和潜力。

Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has been widely used in the field of surface / interface science, spectroscopy, biochemical detection, trace imaging. The metal graphitic nanocapsules were a kind of core-shell nanoparticles whose graphitic shell isolated metal core. It has attracted research attention in the field of biochemical detection analysis and trace imaging due to their high SERS sensitivity, excellent stability and optical properties in complex and harsh biochemical environments. The inherent chemical inertness of the ultrathin graphitic shell could protect the metal core from external factors such as photogenerated hot electrons, reactive oxygen species, and enzymes, which exhibited ultra-stable Raman signal output. Moreover, the multiple characteristic Raman bands (D, G, 2D) of the graphitic shell could be used as Raman signals and internal standard signals to further improve the accuracy of Raman quantitative detection. Notably, the 2D peak as a signal band in the Raman silent region was beneficial to reduce the interference of biomolecules in vivo. This review first introduced the preparation and properties of metal graphitic nanocapsules, and then summarized the application of metal graphitic nanocapsules in detection and imaging based on the SERS. Finally, the prospects and potential of metal graphitic nanocapsules in theranostic were prospected.