锂离子电池已被广泛应用于便携式电子设备、电动汽车和电网等领域, 深刻地影响着人们的日常生活。但是受限于其低的能量密度、安全性等问题, 需开发稳定、高效的电化学存储材料。黏土矿物因其独特的纳米结构、丰富的活性位点、高的比表面积、丰富的储量和低成本等优点, 在锂二次电池领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了黏土矿物纳米材料的分类、结构和化学组成等。然后, 综述了黏土矿物纳米材料在锂二次电池隔膜和固态电解质隔膜方面的应用研究进展。最后, 总结了黏土矿物在电化学储能领域的优势和不足, 并展望了其未来发展趋势。

Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and power grids, which have a profound impact on people’s daily life. It is necessary to develop stable and efficient electrochemical energy storage materials due to their low energy density and safety. Clay minerals have great application potential in the construction of lithium battery materials because of their unique nanostructures, rich active sites, high specific surface area, rich reserves and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, the classification, structure and chemical composition of clay mineral were introduced firstly. Then, the application research progress of clay mineral in the separator and solid-state electrolytes of battery was reviewed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of clay mineral in the energy-storage systems were discussed, and the future development trend was also prospected.