靶丸的内外表面缺陷分布对激光惯性约束聚变实验成功率及效率有重要影响，目前观测不透明靶丸的内表面仅有用X射线直接成像技术获取局部二维信息。运用显微CT实现靶丸三维成像，可得到靶丸内外全表面形貌信息；运用边缘检测、理想曲面拟合分割出缺陷区域，通过连通域分析对表面缺陷进行分块，并分别计算各区域的宽度、高度；运用体绘制方法交互绘制出了靶丸三维数据的立体效果，尤其突出了缺陷区域的彩色高度场效果，并通过虚拟切割观察靶丸内表面。基于该方法的靶丸内外表面缺陷观测技术，能识别大多数表面缺陷，且能较为准确地计算出缺陷尺寸参数，未识别出的缺陷通过体绘制可被观察到作为补充，为研究人员提供了良好的辅助分析手段。

The distribution of defects on the inner and outer surfaces of the capsule has an important impact on the success rate and efficiency of the laser inertial confinement fusion experiment. At present, the only way to observe the inner surface is to use direct X-ray imaging technology to obtain local two-dimensional information, while this paper uses micro-CT to photograph the capsule to non-destructively obtain the full surface morphology information of its inner and outer surfaces. On this basis, a technique is proposed for the observation of defects on the inner and outer surfaces of the capsule. First, the defect area was segmented by edge detection and ideal surface fitting. Then the defects were divided into blocks by connected domain analysis, and the width and height of each area were calculated separately. In addition, a stereoscopic image of the capsule was interactively drawn using a volume rendering method, especially highlighting the colored height field in the defect areas and allowing the inner surface of the capsule to be observed by virtual cutting. This method can identify most surface defects, and can calculate the defect size parameters more accurately. Unidentified defects can be observed as a supplement through volume rendering, providing researchers with a good aid for analysis.