激光诱导击穿光谱技术(Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy，LIBS)是利用强脉冲激光与物质相互作用所产生的等离子体光谱来实现对物质组成元素定性和定量分析的一种新方法。在脉冲激光诱导等离子体的过程中，不同的激光参数(能量、脉宽、波长)、检测过程中的环境条件以及材料本身的特性等，对激光诱导等离子体的物理机制都有不同程度的影响，进而影响LIBS定量分析的结果。本文综述了现阶段LIBS技术中包括LIBS基本原理、激光参数区别、环境和材料特性差异所涉及的物理机制。为深入理解激光与物质相互作用、提升LIBS检测能力提供了依据。

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the constituents of a material using plasma spectra produced by the interaction of a strong pulsed laser with the material. In the process of pulsed laser-induced plasma, different laser parameters (energy, pulse width, wavelength), environmental conditions during the detection process and the properties of the material itself have different degrees of influence on the physical mechanism of laser-induced plasma, which in turn affects the results of LIBS quantitative analysis. We review the physical mechanisms of LIBS technology in the current state, including the basic principles of LIBS, the differences in laser parameters, and the physical mechanisms involved in the differences in environmental and material properties. It provides a basis for a deeper understanding of laser-matter interactions and for improving the detection capabilities of LIBS.