基于液晶液滴体系的生物传感器因其具有较高的检测灵敏度、特异的光学信号，在检测细菌、病毒、酶活性、蛋白质及生物分子相互作用等方面展现其独特优势。液晶液滴生物传感器性能与液晶液滴的尺寸、均一性及其界面的特异识别能力密切相关。因此，制备具有尺寸可控、界面化学可调的液晶液滴成为当前研究的重点。本文从液晶液滴的取向介绍出发，着重概述了近年来液晶液滴制备的研究进展及其在生物检测领域应用中的发展状况。同时介绍了液晶液滴复合材料的制备和液晶液滴的表面固定及其在生物传感中的应用，最后讨论了液晶液滴生物传感器目前遇到的瓶颈以及未来可能的研究方向。

Liquid crystal droplet biosensor has made remarkable progress in the biological detection field because of its high detection sensitivity and specific optical signal. Liquid crystal droplet has shown outstanding performance in detecting bacteria, viruses, enzymatic activity, proteins, and the interaction between biomolecules. As the performance of liquid crystal droplet biosensor is closely related to the size and uniformity of liquid crystal droplets as well as the specific recognition ability of the interface, the preparation of liquid crystal droplets with controllable size and adjustable interfacial chemistry has become the focus of current research. This review summarizes the research progress of liquid crystal droplet preparation and its application in the field of biological detection in recent years. First, this review introduces the orientation of liquid crystal droplets, then, summarizes the research progress of liquid crystal droplet preparation and its application in the field of biological detection in recent years. This review also introduces the preparation of liquid crystal droplet composites, the surface immobilization of liquid crystal droplets and their applications in biosensors. Finally, the bottlenecks encountered by liquid crystal droplet biosensors and the possible research directions in the future are discussed.