细菌和病毒一直对人类健康构成威胁。SARS-CoV-2已经在世界各地肆虐了近三年, 给人类健康带来了巨大危险。面对细菌的抗药性和抗生素治疗效果不佳等种种挑战, 人们迫切需要新的方法来对抗致病微生物。最近, 具有内在酶活性的纳米酶作为一种有前途的新型“抗生素”, 通过催化生成大量活性氧, 在生理条件下表现出卓越的抗菌和抗病毒活性。此外, 基于纳米酶的治疗中, 纳米材料在独特的物理化学特性(如光热和光动力效应)的帮助下可以增强治疗效果。本文综述了纳米酶在抗菌、抗病毒-方向的研究进展, 从机制角度系统总结分析了纳米酶消除细菌、病毒等微生物的原理, 对未来的新型纳米抗菌抗病毒材料的研发方向及其所面临的挑战进行了展望, 为开发下一代抗微生物感染纳米酶提供了思路。

Bacteria and viruses always posed a threat to human health. Most impressively, SARS-CoV-2 has raged around the world for almost three years, causing huge loss to human health. Facing increasing challenges of drug-resistance and poor treatment efficacy, new solutions are urgently needed to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Recently, nanozymes with intrinsic enzyme-like activities emerged as a promising new type of “antibiotics”. Nanozymes exhibit superior antibacterial and antiviral activities under physiological conditions by efficiently catalyzing generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, enhanced therapeutic effects are achieved in nanozyme-based therapy aided by the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials such as photothermal and photodynamic effects. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the field of anti-microbial nanozymes, systematically summarizes and analyzes the principles of nanozymes in the treatment of bacteria and viruses from a mechanistic point of view. An outlook on the future direction and the challenges of new anti-microbial infection nanomaterials are proposed to provide inspiration for developing next generation anti-microbial nanozymes.