A micro-Gal absolute gravimeter based on high-precision and high-stability heterodyne interferometer is presented. The distance measuring technology of the gravimeter is studied in detail. The experimental results of distance measuring for a free-falling motion show that the high-precision heterodyne interferometer described in this paper can meet the demand of a micro-Gal absolute gravimeter with relative uncertainty of 6.4*10^(-9). Moreover, the heterodyne interferometer is more stable than the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) which is widely used in present absolute gravimeters.

There is an increasing demand on the measurable velocity of laser interferometer in manufacturing technologies. The maximum measurable velocity is limited by frequency difference of laser source, optical configuration, and electronics bandwidth. An experimental setup based on free falling movement has been demonstrated to measure the maximum measurable velocity for interferometers. Measurement results show that the maximum measurable velocity is less than its theoretical value. Moreover, the effect of kinds of factors upon the measurement results is analyzed, and the results can offer a reference for industrial applications.

为了减少由于加速度所导致的激光双频干涉仪测量误差,引入二阶多普勒频移,建立了由被测物体加速度所引起的测量误差的理论模型。仿真结果表明,在0.4s时间内0.6g加速度所引起的累积误差可达2.5 nm左右,这对于纳米精度的测量是不应忽视的; 初速度不为零时加速运动会引起更大的误差,而减速运动所引起的误差则相对小。通过实验验证,所测的误差变化趋势与理论模拟比较吻合。

为了满足对高速变化的偏振态的测量,提出一种能够对偏振态实现高速测量的技术。阐述了利用1/4波片与起偏器测量偏振光的斯托克斯参量常规的原理和方法,根据高速测量的要求推导出了新的斯托克斯参量计算公式,并依据此公式设计了基于多通道偏振态高速测量的方案,设计了具体的方法并编写了控制与算法程序。测试表明,该系统的测量速度达到了每秒700次偏振态测量,测量速度主要由电子线路的性能决定,测得的结果稳定可靠实现了光纤传输偏振态的高速测量。

为了研究硅片表面球形粒子的光散射情况，根据Mie氏理论，采用相差模型，得到了球形粒子在任意线偏振光照射下的散射光光强空间分布的计算方法，给出了球形粒子在s偏振和p偏振光分别以0°和70°角照射下散射光微分散射截面的模拟计算结果，并与相关的实验结果进行了比较，对硅片缺陷自动检测仪的研制具有指导意义。

为求解硅片表面微小粒子在任意线偏振平面入射光照射下的散射光光强分布，选择了基于Mie散射的杨氏模型为依据，推导了该模型下散射光强空间分布的计算方法，并给出了0．54μm球形粒子在垂直、倾斜入射下光强空间分布的模拟计算结果，以及入射平面第一象限内散射光强与国外已发表实验结果的比较．

A new technology of lightning location is described, which is based on detecting the state of polarization (SOP) fluctuation of the laser light in the optic ground wire (OPGW). Compared with the conventional lightning location method, the new method is more accurate, more stable, and cheaper. Theories of Stokes parameters and Poincare sphere are introduced to analyze the SOP at the lightning strike point. It can be concluded that although the initial points of SOP on the Poincare sphere are random, the SOP fluctuation generated by lightning strike can still be accurately identified by detecting the velocity of polarization motion. A new algorithm to quantify the velocity is also introduced.

研究了长距离飞行光学(flying optics)高斯光束聚焦特性, 理论研究表明：将某一特定谐振腔的瑞利长度ZR取代q参量虚部的光斑尺寸w时, q参量的ABCD定律可以从基模推广到高阶模或几个模的叠加, 并推导出飞行光学实际焦距与几何焦距之差Df的计算公式。为了精确控制飞行光学聚焦特性, 研制了一套自适应飞行光学聚焦特性控制仪, 实验和理论比较吻合。

共光路外差干涉仪具有很高的分辨率,但因为安装、调试误差会产生非线性误差,影响系统的测量精度。着重分析了在共光路外差干涉仪中由激光光源的椭圆偏振化和沃拉斯顿棱镜的安装方位角误差同时存在的情况下,引起的频率混叠综合误差的大小及变化规律。结果发现其造成的非线性误差可达2.2 nm,同时还发现两者造成的误差在某些情况下存在一定程度的相互抵消作用。讨论了提高测量系统精度的有效措施, 对正确设计和调试激光外差测试系统、提高测量系统精度具有重要意义。

综述了扫描探针显微镜在激光纳米加工技术上应用的最新进展,介绍了纳米结构的形成机理。