1 State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
In low-light conditions, the single-photon light detection and ranging (Lidar) technique based on time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) is suited for collecting a three-dimensional (3D) profile of the target. We present a rapid 3D reconstruction approach for single-photon Lidar with low signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and few photons based on a combination of short-duration range gate selection, photon accumulation of surrounding pixels, and photon efficiency algorithm in this paper. We achieve the best noise filtering and 3D image reconstruction by choosing the optimal combined order of simple methods. Experiments were carried out to validate the various depth estimation algorithms using simulated data and single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array data under varying SBR. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve high-quality 3D reconstruction with a faster processing speed compared to the existing algorithms. The proposed technology will encourage the use of single-photon Lidar to suit practical needs such as quick and noise-tolerant 3D imaging.In low-light conditions, the single-photon light detection and ranging (Lidar) technique based on time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) is suited for collecting a three-dimensional (3D) profile of the target. We present a rapid 3D reconstruction approach for single-photon Lidar with low signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and few photons based on a combination of short-duration range gate selection, photon accumulation of surrounding pixels, and photon efficiency algorithm in this paper. We achieve the best noise filtering and 3D image reconstruction by choosing the optimal combined order of simple methods. Experiments were carried out to validate the various depth estimation algorithms using simulated data and single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array data under varying SBR. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve high-quality 3D reconstruction with a faster processing speed compared to the existing algorithms. The proposed technology will encourage the use of single-photon Lidar to suit practical needs such as quick and noise-tolerant 3D imaging.
Lidar 3D imaging photon counting few photons time-of-flight imaging low SBR 激光与光电子学进展
2023, 60(8): 0811033
激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)因具有实时快速、 多元素分析、 样品损伤性小等优势, 已成为检测未知物质元素组分以及相应元素含量的重要手段。 近期的一些研究表明, 百纳秒级别激光脉冲由于在确保有效击穿阈值的条件下延长了激光与样品作用时间, 使得其LIBS光谱质量相对于传统10 ns级激光脉冲得到了提高; 适度降低环境气压(至104 Pa量级), LIBS光谱强度和信背比均得到明显提高。 为探究低气压对长脉宽(百纳秒级)激光诱导铜合金等离子体光谱特性的影响, 采用自主研发80 ns脉宽Nd∶YAG激光器(波长1 064 nm, 单脉冲能量20~200 mJ)作为激发光源, 样品为BYG19431的锡青铜(基体元素Cu质量百分数为92.9%, 低含量元素Fe质量百分数为0.007 8%), 通过样品气氛控制系统改变环境气压, 分别研究了低环境压力(1.01×105, 9.6×104, 9.2×104, 8.8×104和8.4×104 Pa)下铜合金基体元素Cu与低含量元素Fe光谱特性。 实验中, 激光脉冲重复频率为1 Hz, 每次打击均为新鲜表面(通过真空腔内的可控旋转平台更换样品位置), 每个能量和气压下分别选取5个脉冲能量较稳定的光谱, 取平均值作为当前实验条件的最终实验结果, 激光脉冲能量的实时监测由透反比1∶1分束镜及能量计完成。 研究发现, 基体元素谱线(Cu Ⅰ 324.75 nm), 常压下低能量(20 mJ, 40 mJ)时均存在较严重的自吸收现象。 在60 mJ时, 虽自吸收效应得到改善, 但谱线背景强度升高, 且激光对样品的损伤加大。 为在低光谱背景, 微样品损伤的条件下实现光谱质量的进一步提升, 实验激光能量为20 mJ。 结果表明, 随着环境气压降低, 基体元素Cu自吸收程度大幅度降低, 样品中低含量Fe元素谱线信背比增加, 等离子温度升高, 谱线展宽变窄。 气压为8.4×104 Pa时, 与常压相比基体元素铜(Cu Ⅰ 324.75 nm)与微量元素铁(Fe Ⅰ 330.82 nm)谱线信背比分别增强5.31和2.43倍; 等离子体温度提升了21.6%; Fe Ⅰ 330.82 nm谱线展宽由0.29 nm降到0.21 nm, 在一定程度提高了LIBS元素谱线的分辨率。
80 ns 长脉宽 低气压 自吸收 信背比 等离子体温度 80 ns long-pulse-width Low-pressure Self-absorption SBR Plasma temperature 光谱学与光谱分析
2020, 40(9): 2891
利用1 064 nm波长Nd∶YAG脉冲激光诱导击穿合金钢产生激光等离子体光谱, 采用高分辨率及门宽控制的ICCD探测LIBS信号光谱。 选用铁元素原子谱线404.581, 414.387, 427.176和438.355 nm进行分析, 研究了不同实验参数对LIBS光谱信号强度的影响结果。 实验结果表明, 激光脉冲能量、 激光聚焦位置以及ICCD探测器的延时等实验参数对合金钢LIBS信号有较大影响。 通过优化这些实验参数, 获得高光谱强度和信背比的LIBS信号, 确定了LIBS技术用于合金钢微量元素成分分析的最佳实验条件, 从而开展合金钢样品成分分析。
激光诱导击穿光谱 光谱强度 信背比 合金钢 LIBS Spectral intensity SBR Alloy steel
江西农业大学生物光电及应用实验室, 江西 南昌 330045
采用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术对土壤样品中的 Cr元素进行了分析,通过改变激光器能量及延迟时间,观测 Cr等离子体信号强度的变化关系。实验结果表明,谱线强度随着激光能量的增大而增加,其信背比是先增大后减小,当激光能量为 110 mJ时信背比最好;改变延迟时间时信背比随延迟时间的增大呈现先增后减的变化规律,谱线强度随延迟时间的增大而减小,最佳延时时间为 0.84μs。根据谱线强度与元素浓度的关系,建立了定标曲线,曲线拟合度为 0.988,得出 Cr元素的最低检测限约为 25.22μg/g。通过对数据的计算分析可知,选择合适的激光能量及延迟时间可以减少强烈的高温辐射干扰,提高检测限,有利于实现土壤中激光诱导击穿光谱方法的重金属元素在线检测。
激光诱导击穿光谱 激光能量 延迟时间 信背比 定标曲线 LIBS laser energy delay time SBR calibration curve
华南理工大学 机械与汽车工程学院,广东 广州 510640
针对以太网测控网络存在数据冲突导致系统实时性、可靠性降低问题,提出了基于偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)SBR的双层压缩方法。第一层建立主参量与所有辅助参量的确定模型,利用压缩有效性指标确定主成分,完成主参量的信息压缩。第二层基于改进的SBR,通过选取辅助参量中的基础序列,建立基础信号;在满足拟合误差条件下,逐步将每一个辅助参量序列映射到基础信号上,完成对辅助参量的数据压缩。该方法重点解决辅助参量和主参量中的解释潜变量和反映潜变量相关程度最大、基础信号由最少基础序列组成、辅助参量实现最小变长分解个数及基础信号独立更新原则等关键问题。最后将该方法应用于IP模式乙醇浓度测控系统。实验结果表明,在IP模式测控系统同时具有主参量和辅助参量,且不同参量间存在相关性时,该方法可在允许拟合相对误差为5%的情况下,使压缩率达到68%以上,从而有效地降低以太网测控网络数据冲突程度。
IP模式测控系统 数据压缩 偏最小二乘回归 改进的SBR IP Mode Measurement & Control System(IMMCS) data compression Partial Least Squar Regression(PLSR) modified Self Based Regression(SBR) 光学 精密工程
2010, 18(10): 2280