设计一种电磁加载系统应用于分离式霍普金森杆实验装置，能够克服传统气压驱动的缺点，达到精确控制入射应力波的目的。通过对电磁加载技术的调研，了解不同加载方式的电压等级，确定低压加载方式；构建系统等效RLC回路，推导回路参数与入射应力波的函数关系。结合理论计算，利用有限元软件进行耦合场仿真，仿真发现放电线圈匝数对入射应力波的幅频特性影响较大，同时为了保证电磁能量的利用效率，需要保证感应线圈的厚度大于磁渗透深度，最后根据实验要求确定电磁加载系统各参数。按照加载系统参数搭建实验平台，进行霍普金森杆冲击实验，通过对入射应力波的测量，验证了理论计算及软件仿真的正确性。

硬X射线调制望远镜是我国第一颗X射线天文卫星, 其载荷低能X射线望远镜采用了SCD型探测器CCD236, 主要对能量在0.7~13.0 keV的软X射线光子进行观测。 卫星发射前, 需要对探测器进行详细的性能标定, 其中包括能量响应矩阵的标定。 能量响应矩阵是能谱分析的关键。 CCD236探测器输出能谱并不是观测光源的真实发射谱, 而是发射谱与探测器能量响应矩阵的卷积结果。 一般可以通过直接反卷积的方法还原光源的真实能谱。 解谱过程可以看作是一维成像问题, 利用能量响应矩阵与输出能谱进行反卷积解谱。 常用的反卷积算法为Lucy-Richardson迭代算法, 其利用条件几率的贝氏定理反复进行运算, 进而对输出能谱进行反解, 得到观测光源的真实发射能谱。 通过能量响应矩阵对CCD236探测器的⁵⁵Fe测量能谱进行解谱。 经过解谱, 能谱的能量分辨从144.3 eV提升到了65.6 eV@5.9 keV, 连续谱成分被明显地抑制, 提高了能谱的峰背比。 反解能谱由两个半峰全宽很小的(<70.0 eV)高斯峰组成, 两成分的强度比为8.4, 能够很好地表征真实发射谱的结构。 利用这种方法可对材料X射线荧光谱进行解谱, 还原材料的荧光谱, 提高能谱的能量分辨。 反解结果中主要元素各类荧光线通过解谱彼此独立, 能谱峰背比很高, 可以很好地用于X射线荧光分析中, 提高荧光谱的质量。

In this work, a blue gallium nitride (GaN) micro-light-emitting-diode (micro-LED)-based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system was built, and UWOCs with varied Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt concentrations were studied. Data transmission performance of the UWOC and the influence of light attenuation were investigated systematically. Maximum data transmission rates at the distance of 2.3 m were 933, 800, 910, and 790 Mbps for experimental conditions with no impurity, 200.48 mg/m³ Maalox, 12.07 mg/m³ chlorophyll, and 5 kg/m³ sea salt, respectively, much higher than previously reported systems with commercial LEDs. It was found that increasing chlorophyll, Maalox, and sea salt concentrations in water resulted in an increase of light attenuation, which led to the performance degradation of the UWOC. Further analysis suggests two light attenuation mechanisms, e.g., absorption by chlorophyll and scattering by Maalox, are responsible for the decrease of maximum data rates and the increase of bit error rates. Based on the absorption and scattering models, excellent fitting to the experimental attenuation coefficient can be achieved, and light attenuation by absorption and scattering at different wavelengths was also investigated. We believe this work is instructive apply UWOC for practical applications.