A polystyrene (CH)/resorcinol formaldehyde (RF)/CH tri-layer perturbation target for hydrodynamic instability experiments in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) was designed and fabricated and its features were discussed. The target was composed of a perturbed CH layer, a RF aerogel sheet and an unperturbed CH layer. The detailed fabrication method consisted of four steps. An aluminum alloy template with sinusoidal perturbation patterns was prepared by the single-point diamond turning technology; the CH layer was prepared via a simple method which called dip-coating method; the RF aerogel sheet was prepared by sol–gel and supercritical drying process; finally, a CH layer, the RF aerogel sheet and another CH layer were put on the perturbed aluminum alloy template and hot-pressed at 150 ℃ for 2 h to make these three layers adhered together without the use of adhesive and to transfer the perturbation patterns from the template to the CH layer. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of the RF aerogel sheet. Parameters of the target, such as perturbation wavelength (T) and perturbation amplitude (A), were characterized by QC-5000 tool microscope and alpha-step 500 surface profiler. The results showed that T and A of the target were about 55 and 3.88 lm respectively, the perturbation patterns transferred from the alloy template to the CH layer precisely. Thickness of the perturbed CH layer (H1), RF aerogel sheet (H2) and unperturbed CH layer (H3) and cross-section of the tri-layer target were characterized by QC-5000 tool microscope and SEM. H1, H2 and H3 were about 50, 300 and 20 lm respectively, the cross-sectional photographs of the target showed that the CH layer and the RF aerogel sheet adhered perfectly with each other. As this CH/RF/CH tri-layer target use the RF aerogel to simulate the DT ice of the ignition target capsule, the whole target very close to the actual ignition target capsule.

激光间接驱动惯性约束聚变利用辐射烧蚀驱动靶丸球形内爆, 在减速阶段将内爆动能转化成热斑内能, 同时压缩燃料, 达到点火条件, 实现聚变点火。根据目前认识, 影响内爆压缩过程的主要因素包括内爆对称性、燃料熵增因子、内爆速度和混合。内爆物理实验研究的目的是发展对上述影响因素的实验表征方法, 获取这些影响因素随靶设计参数的变化规律, 建立相应的实验调控能力, 最终达到不断提升内爆性能的目的。为此, 在内爆对称性方面, 开展了Bi球自发光实验, 用于研究点火脉冲前2 ns驱动不对称性; 在内爆速度方面, 开展了球面弯晶单能流线实验, 测量得到内爆速度和剩余质量随时间的变化; 在混合方面, 开展了内壳层示踪涂层内爆混合实验, 测量得到环形发光图像。为考察综合内爆性能, 在神光Ⅱ和神光Ⅲ原型装置上开展了DT内爆实验, 获得了中子产额随初始靶参数的变化规律。

A polystyrene (CH)/aluminum (Al) dual-layer perturbation target for hydrodynamic instability experi-ments in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) was designed and fabricated. The target was composed of aperturbed 40 m Al foil and a CH layer. The detailed fabrication method consisted of four steps. The 40 mAl foil was first prepared by roll and polish process; the perturbation patterns were then introduced onthe surface of the Al foil by the single-point diamond turning (SPDT) technology; the CH layer was pre-pared via a simple method which called spin-coating process; finally, the CH layer was directly coatedon the perturbation surface of Al foil by a hot-press process to avoid the use of a sticker and to eliminatethe gaps between the CH layer and the Al foil. The parameters of the target, such as the perturbationwavelength (T) and perturbation amplitude (A), were characterized by a QC-5000 tool microscope, analpha-step 500 surface profiler and a NT1100 white light interferometer. The results showed that T and Aof the target were about 52 μm and 7.34 μm, respectively. Thickness of the Al foil (H1), thickness of theCH layer (H2), and cross-section of the dual-layer target were characterized by a QC-5000 tool micro-scope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). H1 and H2 were about 40 μm and 15 μm, respectively,the cross-sectional photographs of the target showed that the CH layer and the Al foil adhered perfectlywith each other.

在惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验中, 点火靶丸表面(界面)的粗糙度和缺陷所产生的流体力学不稳定性是决定点火成功与否的关键因素之一, 设计和研制流体力学不稳定性分解实验用靶是解决该问题的主要技术手段。结合国内外的研究现状和神光-Ⅱ激光装置的特点, 设计并研制了一种新型柱状激波管。该靶型由三种介质组成, 分别为调制聚苯乙烯(CH)圆片、柱状碳气凝胶(CRF)和CH微套管。调制CH圆片和柱状CRF通过微加工技术装配到CH微套管内, 封装后形成柱状激波管。介绍了该靶型的设计原理和详细的制备工艺, 并对相应的靶参数进行了测量。结果表明: 柱状CRF气凝胶具有较好的成型性, 长度、直径和密度分别为1000 μm、730 μm和250 mg·cm-3; CH圆片的厚度和直径分别为15 μm和730 μm, 表面调制图形的周期和峰谷差分别为100 μm和4.3 μm; 实验得到的柱状激波管的轴向和径向最大装配误差分别为2 μm和3 μm。

为了研究惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验用靶丸不同密度界面的流体力学不稳定性增长，设计并制备了聚苯乙烯(CH)/碳气凝胶(CRF),CRF /硅气凝胶(SiO2)和CH/Al三种双介质调制靶。采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了密度分别为250和800 mg/cm3的CRF气凝胶薄片；采用激光微加工工艺分别在两种不同密度的CRF薄片和工业用纯Al箔上引入调制图形；采用旋涂工艺在Al箔和CRF薄片(250 mg/cm3)的调制表面制备一层CH薄膜，得到CH/Al和CH/CRF双介质调制靶，采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在CRF薄片(800 mg/cm3)表面制备一层低密度SiO2气凝胶，得到CRF/SiO2双介质调制靶。采用电子天平、扫描电子显微镜、工具显微镜和台阶仪对所制备的CH/CRF,CRF/SiO2和CH/Al三种双介质调制靶进行靶参数测量。结果表明: 三种双介质调制靶层与层之间结合紧密，界面清晰，调制图形为正弦，靶参数测量准确。

Directly driven ablative Rayleigh–Taylor (R–T) instability of modulated CH targets was studied using the faceon X-ray radiography on the Shen-Guang II device. We obtained temporal evolution images of the R–T instability perturbation. The R–T instability growth factor has been obtained by using the methods of fast Fourier transform and seeking difference of light intensity between the peak and the valley of the targets. Through comparing with the the theoretical simulation, we found that the experimental data had a good agreement with the theoretical simulation results before 1.8 ns, and was lower than the theoretical simulation results after that.

研究了Kirkpatrick-Baez(KB)显微镜成像系统的结构设计、元件制备。通过分析掠入射角、放大倍数和反射镜曲率半径对成像系统调制传递函数(MTF)的影响，确定了KB显微镜系统的初始结构参数，实现了2.5 keV能点多层膜KB显微镜的设计、制备以及装调，在神光Ⅱ强激光装置上完成了像质标定实验。结果表明:2.5 keV能点多层膜KB显微镜在100 μm视场内观测周期为20 μm平面调制靶时的MTF高于0.6，与OMEGA装置同类型KB系统的空间分辨能力相当，明显优于现有的针孔相机和点投影成像技术。该显微镜与条纹相机配合，已成功实现对短扰动波长平面调制靶烧蚀演化行为的动态诊断。

利用数值孔径为0.14的显微物镜聚焦中心波长800 nm、脉宽120 fs、重复频率1 kHz的飞秒激光，采用焦点逐线扫描等距下移方式，选取的入射平均功率为30 mW，加工速度为300 μm/s，对瑞利-泰勒(R-T)不稳定性实验靶用的厚度1.5 mm聚苯乙烯(PS)薄膜-聚4-甲基-1-戊烯(PMP)泡沫双层复合长条块体样品进行精确切割成型，并与纳秒激光切割情形对比。结果表明：利用飞秒激光微加工有效控制了切割区变形和材料分层，获得了整齐的切割边缘和平坦的切割面，样品最大切割深度超过800 μm。

在TFT-LCD的生产过程中，取向层表面针孔缺陷是造成产品不良的常见原因。应用聚焦离子束(FIB)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学测量系统(OMS)工具，并结合数据统计软件Business Objects(BO)对实际生产过程中的一种典型产品不良——黑点，进行了测试和分析。结果表明，取向层表面针孔缺陷是产生黑点不良的根本原因。在此基础上，进一步通过理论分析和实验研究证明，成膜过程中膜液的流体力学不稳定性是导致取向层表面针孔缺陷的重要原因，而固化时间则是影响流体力学不稳定性的重要参数。 膜液流体力学不稳定性的充分发展并最终对膜结构产生影响需要一定时间，当固化时间接近甚至小于不稳定性充分发展的时间时，取向层表面产生针孔缺陷的机会将大大减小甚至消除。