考虑到激光间质热疗时激光从内置在组织中的光纤输出且光束为有限宽光束,建立了内插光纤的双层球体组织模型;基于蒙特卡罗法获得无限窄光束在组织内的吸收值,利用入射光强与格林函数进行卷积计算,获得有限宽光束的光传输方程;以高斯光束和平圆光束为例,分别对比分析了考虑与不考虑内插光纤时组织对有限宽光束吸收情况的变化。结果表明:组织对平圆光束的吸收值较小、对高斯光束的吸收值较大,内插光纤对组织吸收平圆光束的影响较小,而对光子出射中心附近组织吸收高斯光束的影响较大。因此,采用高斯光束进行激光间质热疗时应考虑内插光纤对组织吸收光能的影响。所提模型更加接近激光间质热疗的实际情况,对准确预估激光间质热疗的热毁损范围具有重要的意义。

Traditional moxibustion therapy can stimulate heat and blood-vessel expansion and advance blood circulation. In the present study, a novel noncontact-type thermal therapeutic system was developed using a near-infrared laser diode. The device allows direct interaction of infrared laser light with the skin, thereby facilitating a controlled temperature distribution on the skin and the deep tissues below the skin. While using a tissue-mimicking phantom as a substitute for real skin, the most important optical and thermal parameters are the absorption/attenuation coe±cient, thermal conductivity, and specific heat. We found that these parameters can be manipulated by varying the agar-gel concentration. Hence, a multilayer tissue-mimicking phantom was fabricated using different agar-gel concentrations. Thermal imaging and thermocouples were used to measure the temperature distribution inside the phantom during laser irradiation. The temperature increased with the increase in the agar-gel concentration and reached a maximum value under the tissue phantom surface. To induce a similar thermal effect of moxibustion therapy, controlled laser-irradiation parameters such as output power, wavelength and pulse width were obtained from further analysis of the temperature distribution. From the known optothermal properties of the patient's skin, the temperature distribution inside the tissue was manipulated by optimizing the laser parameters. This study can contribute to patient-specific thermal therapy in clinics.

In endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), the narrow gastrointestinal space can cause difficulty in surgical interventions. Tissue ablation apparatuses with high-power CO₂ lasers or Nd:YAG lasers have been developed to facilitate endoscopic surgical procedures. We studied the interaction of 808-nm laser light with a porcine stomach tissue, with the aim of developing a therapeutic medical device that can remove lesions at the gastrointestinal wall by irradiating a near-infrared laser light incorporated in an endoscopic system. The perforation depths at the porcine fillet and the stomach tissues linearly increased in the range of 2–8mm in proportion to the laser energy density of 63.7–382 kJ/cm². Despite the distinct structural and compositional difference, the variation of the perforation depth between the stomach and the fillet was not found at 808-nm wavelength in our measurement. We further studied the laser–tissue interaction by changing the concentration of the methyl blue solution used conventionally as a submucosal fluidic cushion (SFC) in ESD procedures. The temperature of the mucosal layer increased more rapidly at higher concentration of the methyl blue solution, because of enhanced light absorption at the SFC layer. The insertion of the SFC would protect the muscle layer from thermal damage. We confirmed that more effective laser treatment should be enabled by tuning the opto-thermal properties of the SFC. This study can contribute to the optimization of the driving parameters for laser incision techniques as an alternative to conventional surgical interventions.

Molecules such as water, proteins and lipids that are contained in biological tissue absorb midinfrared (MIR) light, which allows such light to be used in laser surgical treatment. Esters, amides and water exhibit strong absorption bands in the 5–7 μm wavelength range, but at present there are no lasers in clinical use that can emit in this range. Therefore, the present study focused on the quantum cascade laser (QCL), which is a new type of semiconductor laser that can emit at MIR wavelengths and has recently achieved high output power. A high-power QCL with a peak wavelength of 5.7 μm was evaluated for use as a laser scalpel for ablating biological soft tissue. The interaction of the laser beam with chicken breast tissue was compared to a conventional CO₂ laser, based on surface and cross-sectional images. The QCL was found to have sufficient power to ablate soft tissue, and its coagulation, carbonization and ablation effects were similar to those for the CO₂ laser. The QCL also induced comparable photothermal effects because it acted as a pseudo-continuous wave laser due to its low peak power. A QCL can therefore be used as an effective laser scalpel, and also offers the possibility of less invasive treatment by targeting specific absorption bands in the MIR region.

准分子激光在屈光手术中获得了迅速发展,193 nm的准分子激光刻蚀角膜表面,改变角膜表面的光学结构从而矫正屈光不正,而且由于其微小的力学和热效应,不会损伤邻近组织.本文研究了激光和生物组织的相互作用,定性确定了光斑与角膜表面粗糙度关系,定量分析了193 nm准分子激光高斯光束的切削量与能量密度的关系.在此基础上,给出准分子激光应用到眼科治疗机中的原理图、屈光程度与激光消融量的关系和具体算法,最后通过PMMA板的实验验证,并已应用到临床,取得了良好的效果.

利用光学阴影探测方法研究了调Q-YAG脉冲激光在生理盐水光学击穿阈值附近诱导微等离子体和冲击波产生的过程,得到了微等离子体和冲击波随人射激光能量和延迟时间而变的系列光学阴影图,并且指出了冲击波的机械作用在脉冲激光眼科医疗中的影响。