Thin nanocomposite films based on tin dioxide with a low content of zinc oxide (0.5–5mol.%) were obtained by the sol–gel method. The synthesized films are 300–600nm thick and contains pore sizes of 19–29nm. The resulting ZnO–SnO₂ films were comprehensively studied by atomic force and Kelvin probe force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra. The photoconductivity parameters on exposure to light with a wavelength of 470nm were also studied. The study of the photosensitivity kinetics of ZnO–SnO₂ films showed that the film with the Zn:Sn ratio equal to 0.5:99.5 has the minimum value of the charge carrier generation time constant. Measurements of the activation energy of the conductivity, potential barrier, and surface potential of ZnO–SnO₂ films showed that these parameters have maxima at ZnO concentrations of 0.5mol.% and 1mol.%. Films with 1mol.% ZnO exhibit high response values when exposed to 5–50ppm of nitrogen dioxide at operating temperatures of 200∘C and 250∘C.

本文利用经典方程(JohnsonMehlAvrami)分析了非化学计量的锂铝硅Li2OAl2O3SiO2ZrO2P2O5透明微晶玻璃的析晶动力学，采用DSC、XRD和SEM研究了晶化温度对玻璃析晶行为的影响。结果表明：在较低的起始析晶温度下Li2Si2O5和Li2SiO3析出，随晶化温度的升高，主晶相转变为LiAlSi4O10，Li2SiO3晶相消失，晶体尺寸变小，在550 nm处微晶玻璃透过率由89.3%升高到90.6%；利用Kissinger方法计算出的Li2Si2O5和LiAlSi4O10的析晶活化能分别为349.5 kJ/mol和184.2 kJ/mol，平均晶体生长指数分别为3.05和1.42。

The theoretical possibility of the temperature-activation process of the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of samples of ferroelectric ceramics lead zirconate titanate (PZT) at temperatures below the Curie point is considered. The model takes into account the 180° motion of the domain wall, which is located in the potential well. The values of activation energies (∼ 0.01, 0.1, 1 eV) were obtained from the experimental dependences of the logarithm of the dielectric constant on the reciprocal temperature. This is associated with three processes: initial vibrations of domain walls; separation of domain walls (DWs) from oxygen vacancies; the motion of DWs as a result of the motion of oxygen vacancies.The theoretical possibility of the temperature-activation process of the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of samples of ferroelectric ceramics lead zirconate titanate (PZT) at temperatures below the Curie point is considered. The model takes into account the 180° motion of the domain wall, which is located in the potential well. The values of activation energies (∼ 0.01, 0.1, 1 eV) were obtained from the experimental dependences of the logarithm of the dielectric constant on the reciprocal temperature. This is associated with three processes: initial vibrations of domain walls; separation of domain walls (DWs) from oxygen vacancies; the motion of DWs as a result of the motion of oxygen vacancies.

本文利用溶液法制备了K2Ba［B4O5(OH)4］2·8H2O, 并将其进行热处理制备得到了KBaB5O9, 利用XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTA-DTG对样品进行了表征。分析研究了由K2Ba［B4O5(OH)4］2·8H2O热处理制备KBaB5O9过程中的物相变化过程, 其物相变化经历脱结晶水、脱羟基、重结晶、再分解、熔融再结晶5个阶段, 其中结晶水的脱失分两步进行。运用Kissinger法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法、atava-estk法对K2Ba［B4O5(OH)4］2·8H2O结晶水第二步脱失过程的动力学参数进行了计算, 可知K2Ba［B4O5(OH)4］2·8H2O结晶水第二步脱失过程的活化能Es为151.94 kJ/mol, 指前因子的对数值lg As为21.25 min-1, 机理函数G(α)=(1-2α/3)-(1-α)2/3(其中α为转化率)。

以Ca(OH)2为脱碱剂水热浸出赤泥脱碱, 考察了Ca(OH)2掺量、反应温度、液固比对赤泥脱碱率的影响, 同时对赤泥脱碱过程进行机理分析和浸出动力学分析。研究结果表明,在Ca(OH)2掺量为60%(质量分数)、反应温度为250 ℃、液固比为8 mL/g的条件下, 赤泥脱碱率可达到96.3%。Ca(OH)2可有效脱除赤泥中的游离碱和结构碱, 赤泥中的钙霞石和水钙铝榴石被分解, 脱碱渣中新相铁钙榴石(水合的)是主要的衍射峰, 并且赤铁矿的衍射峰明显减弱, 方解石的衍射峰增强。该脱碱过程受固膜内扩散关键步骤控制, 线性相关系数都大于0.97, 特征常数n<1, 表观活化能为5.20 kJ/mol。

使用数值模拟的方法, 对氢化物气相外延(HVPE)生长α-Ga2O3材料的温度和反应源气流进行了优化。区别于传统的在反应腔内HCl或Cl2携带Ga源的结构, 使用了外置Ga源的方法, 可以较准确地调整GaCl/GaCl3的组分占比、摩尔分数和浓度。另外, 使用分子模拟软件Gaussian计算得到GaCl3与O2反应的活化能, 通过实验数据拟合得到α-Ga2O3相变为β-Ga2O3的反应活化能。在此基础上, 对生长温度、GaCl/GaCl3的组分占比进行了模拟, 并给出了α-Ga2O3的优化生长条件。

本文研究引入纳米氧化镱对熔融石英析晶机制及动力学过程的影响。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试结果分析了纳米氧化镱的引入对熔融石英陶瓷析晶率的影响，采用动力学方法分析了纳米氧化镱的引入对熔融石英陶瓷析晶机制的影响，同时探讨了其等温析晶动力学过程。研究表明，熔融石英陶瓷的晶粒向二维兼有一维及三维的方式生长，引入纳米氧化镱的熔融石英陶瓷的晶粒则向二维兼有三维的方式生长; 试样B和试样Y的析晶活化能E分别为874 kJ/mol和1 188 kJ/mol。在熔融石英陶瓷中引入纳米氧化镱能够大幅度减少SiO2玻璃脱玻为方石英的“活性成核点”，增加玻璃表面结构稳定性，提高析晶活化能，大大降低熔融石英的析晶率。