针对现有接触式测量方法装夹定位后只能测量一种或两种参数、检测效率低等问题，提出一种舵类结构件几何量误差和装配误差视觉检测方法。首先，利用计算机视觉系统获取舵轴和舵面区域图像，利用图像预处理技术去除图像畸变和噪声，为了更有效地提取舵类结构件边缘，分别采用Sobel算子、Scharr算子、Laplace算子和Canny算子对图像进行边缘检测以确定轮廓，实验对比发现Scharr算子处理后的舵轴图像边缘更清晰且无间断，Canny算子处理后的摇臂图像边缘比较清晰，因此选用Scharr算子提取舵轴图像边缘、Canny算子提取摇臂图像边缘。结合被测要素特点，采用霍夫直线和霍夫圆检测方法提取舵面边缘线特征、舵轴母线特征、摇臂圆轮廓特征；确定了舵芯对称度、舵轴垂直度、摇臂夹角的基准要素，构建了几何量误差检测目标函数，运用自适应遗传算法计算最优解；结合相机标定的内外参矩阵，得到舵芯对称度、舵轴垂直度、摇臂夹角的测量值。最后，研发了舵类结构件几何量误差和装配误差视觉检测软件，搭建了视觉检测实验平台，实现了几何量误差及装配角度误差快速检测功能。经过多次重复测量实验，对称度检测精度达到0.055 mm，垂直度检测精度达到0.225 mm，装配角度检测精度达到0.772°，完成单次检测耗时7 s。该方法不仅提高了几何量误差检测精度和检测效率，同时有助于提高舵类结构件成型-制造-在机检测的自动化和智能化水平。

The large-aperture pulse compression grating (PCG) is a critical component in generating an ultra-high-intensity, ultra-short-pulse laser; however, the size of the PCG manufactured by transmission holographic exposure is limited to large-scale high-quality materials. The reflective method is a potential way for solving the size limitation, but there is still no successful precedent due to the lack of scientific specifications and advanced processing technology of exposure mirrors. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to clarify the specifications of components, and advanced processing technology is adopted to control the spatial frequency errors. Hereafter, we have successfully fabricated a multilayer dielectric grating of 200 mm × 150 mm by using an off-axis reflective exposure system with Φ300 mm. This demonstration proves that PCGs can be manufactured by using the reflection holographic exposure method and shows the potential for manufacturing the meter-level gratings used in 100 petawatt class high-power lasers.

射频四极场加速器（Radio Frequency Quadrupole，RFQ）广泛应用于质子加速器装置中，高频率、紧凑型RFQ的发展可以推动质子加速器装置的小型化，同时也面临调谐困难的问题。紧凑型RFQ的性能对腔体尺寸的敏感度高，基于理论物理特性的传统调谐算法难以取得良好效果，而基于腔体实际物理特性的调谐算法则可以解决紧凑型RFQ的调谐难点。本文提出了一种基于响应矩阵和最小二乘法的调谐算法，该算法可以限定求解的范围，避免计算结果超出调谐器可调谐范围的问题；为二极场分量赋予权重，可以高效地降低二极场误差，解决二极场分量难以调谐的问题。根据新的调谐算法分别在模拟环境下的RFQ样机上完成了调谐实验，在搭建的测量平台获得的结果显示：初始状态下二、四极场误差分别为24.09%和1.57%，经过5次调谐后两者误差分别降为2.33%和1.39%，验证了调谐算法的有效性。该调谐算法具有普适性，也可以用于其他频率的RFQ，将来还可以促进质子加速器装置的小型化，推动医用质子装置的普及。

Digital speckle photography is a displacement field measurement method that employs laser speckles as surface markers. Since the approach requires only one reference image without a preparation of the sample and provides a fast, single-shot measurement with interferometric precision, the method is applied for in-process measurements in manufacturing engineering. Due to highly localized loads, higher-order displacement gradients occur in manufacturing processes and it is an open research question how these gradients affect the measurement errors of digital speckle photography. We simulate isotropic Gaussian surface topographies, apply a displacement field and then generate laser speckle patterns, which are evaluated with digital image correlation and subsequently the resulting random and systematic errors of the displacement field are analyzed. We found that the random error is proportional to the first-order displacement gradient and results from decorrelation of the laser speckles. The systematic error is mainly caused by the evaluation algorithm and is linearly dependent on the second-order gradient and the subset size. We evaluated in-process displacement measurements of laser hardening, grinding and single-tooth milling where we determined the relative error caused by displacement gradients to be below 2.5% based on the findings from the simulative study.

旋转激光惯导系统无法直接解算得到载体的姿态信息。精确标定惯性测量单元与转位机构间的非正交误差是获得高精度载体姿态信息的前提。针对双轴旋转激光惯导系统转位机构的非正交误差标定问题，提出了一种非正交误差优化标定方法。首先，建立惯性测量单元、转位机构、内框架、外框架间的空间位置关系模型。然后，构建包含非正交误差的载体姿态传递模型。进一步将标定问题转换为优化问题，以载体姿态误差作为适应度值构建适应度函数。利用粒子群优化寻优适应度函数，实现非正交误差标定。利用双轴旋转激光惯导系统验证了所提方法的有效性，相对于传统标定方法，载体俯仰角误差下降89.29%，横滚角误差下降73%，航向角误差下降81.39%。

针对具有高姿态测量精度、高姿态稳定度且探测器采用机械式交错拼接的光学卫星受到微量高频姿态误差影响时，所产生的全色数据与多光谱数据间微小几何定位误差问题，提出了基于高频修正姿态的高分辨率光学卫星全色与多光谱影像几何定位一致性修正方法。在推扫式光学遥感卫星成像原理的基础上建立严密成像几何模型，利用机械式交错拼接成像探测器的分时成像特性，结合几何定位约束及金字塔影像搜索策略的同名点匹配方法获取同名点数据，再利用同名点数据解算卫星成像过程中的高频姿态数据。最后，将解算得到的高频姿态用于对应多光谱影像的传感器几何校正处理中，得到基于高频修正姿态的多光谱影像数据。实验结果表明：该方法有效消除了由微量高频姿态误差引起的全色数据与多光谱数据间微小的几何定位偏差，使传感器几何校正后的多光谱数据与全色数据具有高精度几何定位一致性，将具有高姿态测量精度、高姿态稳定度且探测器采用机械式交错拼接的高分辨率推扫模式成像光学卫星的全色数据与多光谱数据间行方向的相对几何定位误差提升至0.15个多光谱像元，以为后续高精度影像融合产品的生产奠定基础。

Usually, a multilens optical system is composed of multiple undetectable sublenses. Wavefront of a multilens optical system cannot be measured when classical transmitted phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is used. In this study, a wavefront measuring method for an optical system with multiple optics is presented based on PMD. A paraxial plane is used to represent the test multilens optical system. We introduce the calibration strategy and mathematical deduction of gradient equations. Systematic errors are suppressed with an N-rotation test. Simulations have been performed to demonstrate our method. The results showing the use of our method in multilens optical systems, such as the collimator and single-lens reflex camera lenses show that the measurement accuracy is comparable with those of interferometric tests.

针对六自由度串联式关节机器人气囊抛光系统因刚度不足引起的加工振动以及引入中频误差的问题，以IRB 6700机器人作为研究对象，基于Ansys Workbench建立模态分析模型，并结合实验分析机器人气囊抛光系统工况频带内动态特性，实验与仿真结果共同表明，机器人气囊抛光系统在工况频带至少存在5阶模态，且共振时机器人末端抖动幅值为mm级，机器人加工严重受限。同时针对机器人气囊抛光系统先进光学元件抛光工艺应用，设计一种阻尼抑振气囊工具头，与普通气囊工具头进行定点抛光与整面抛光对比实验。结果表明：抑振气囊头定点抛光斑粗糙度与频谱幅值普遍低于普通气囊工具头，引入的中频误差较一般气囊工具头低40%，抛光优化效果显著。