High resolution imaging is achieved using increasingly larger apertures and successively shorter wavelengths. Optical aperture synthesis is an important high-resolution imaging technology used in astronomy. Conventional long baseline amplitude interferometry is susceptible to uncontrollable phase fluctuations, and the technical difficulty increases rapidly as the wavelength decreases. The intensity interferometry inspired by HBT experiment is essentially insensitive to phase fluctuations, but suffers from a narrow spectral bandwidth which results in a lack of effective photons. In this study, we propose optical synthetic aperture imaging based on spatial intensity interferometry. This not only realizes diffraction-limited optical aperture synthesis in a single shot, but also enables imaging with a wide spectral bandwidth, which greatly improves the optical energy efficiency of intensity interferometry. And this method is insensitive to the optical path difference between the sub-apertures. Simulations and experiments present optical aperture synthesis diffraction-limited imaging through spatial intensity interferometry in a 100 nm spectral width of visible light, whose maximum optical path difference between the sub-apertures reaches 69λ. This technique is expected to provide a solution for optical aperture synthesis over kilometer-long baselines at optical wavelengths.

光学相控阵技术具有响应速度快、系统紧凑、功能多样和控制灵活等优点，在众多科学技术领域得到了广泛的应用。在近50年来的光学相控阵研究与应用中，涌现出了众多卓越的成果。为了对光学相控阵领域的发展进行梳理，简要回顾了光学相控阵技术的历史，并论述了光学相控阵技术的基本原理。从光束发射与接收等不同应用场景的角度，结合笔者的思考，深入介绍了光学相控阵在高品质的光源技术、激光相干合成技术、光束扫描技术、大气链路畸变控制技术以及合成孔径探测与成像技术多个领域的发展现状，并最后对光学相控阵技术的瓶颈与未来的发展研究趋势进行了评述。

光学综合孔径成像技术的关键是解决共相位问题，子孔径之间的相位失调会严重影响成像质量，工程上一般要求调相精度达到光波段λ/10。本文采用压电陶瓷制备一种液体调相器，利用干涉法和数字图像处理技术实现对调相器相位的高精度检测。通过向压电陶瓷腔注入液体来制备调相器，利用干涉仪获得压电陶瓷液体调相器在不同电压下的干涉条纹并使用CCD记录，最后对这些干涉条纹图像进行数字图像处理，得到单个像素的条纹骨架，采用条纹标记法跟踪不同电压下骨架条纹的移动情况，并计算骨架条纹的像素移动量。实验结果表明，在0~30 V的电压下，压电陶瓷液体调相器的调相范围为0~3.325π，调节精度可以达到λ/40，并且在电压区间内调相的线性度良好，满足光学综合孔径中单个子镜的相位调制精度要求。