为解决实际产品与原始设计玻璃面型差的问题, 建立了完整的汽车玻璃成型有限元数值分析模型。首先, 考虑玻璃材料性质对汽车玻璃成型整个过程的影响, 实验获取了详尽的材料性质: 通过热膨胀实验, 得到玻璃在玻璃态和液态下的膨胀系数; 利用三点弯曲的热机械分析和比热的差分式热扫描实验, 分别获得玻璃的应力松弛和结构松弛性质。最后对3款实际的汽车玻璃产品进行仿真和实际型面的对比分析, 结果表明, 仿真和实际产品型面的差在1.1 mm以内, 精度满足设计要求, 建立的数值模型可靠。

本文通过QCM技术实时监测水稻悬浮细胞在不同浓度五价砷连续及单独胁迫下的粘弹性变化, 从细胞整体水平评估了重金属对水稻悬浮细胞力学性质的影响。结果表明: 1)在2~10 mmol/L范围内, 五价砷对水稻悬浮细胞的连续和单独胁迫的影响均随着浓度增加而增强; 2)在连续胁迫和单独胁迫下, 随着五价砷浓度的增加, 水稻悬浮细胞粘弹性指数均下降, 细胞软硬度减小即细胞变软; 3)在五价砷连续梯度浓度胁迫下, 水稻悬浮细胞粘弹性指数呈梯度下降; 4)在五价砷不同浓度单独胁迫下, 随着五价砷浓度的增加, 水稻悬浮细胞粘弹性指数变化逐渐平缓, 即水稻悬浮细胞随着五价砷浓度升高, 敏感程度降低。以期建立一种用来衡量重金属胁迫对植物影响的一种新方法。

采用石英晶体微天平(QCM)非侵入式实时监测乳鼠原代心肌细胞于金晶体电极上的动态黏附响应与不同浓度肌力药物下的粘弹性响应。在乳鼠原代心肌细胞黏附铺展于金晶体电极表面后, 加入不同浓度的正性肌力药物异丙肾上腺素与负性肌力药物维拉帕米, 监测QCM频率(F)以及动态电阻(R)的实时变化, 采用粘弹性指数CVI(CVI=ΔR/ΔF)表征细胞的粘弹性变化, 并通过光学显微镜观察药物作用下细胞的形态变化。结果表明: 随着异丙肾上腺素浓度的增加, 药物引起的QCM频率下降、电阻增加与CVI增大的幅度均增大; 光学显微镜下观测到细胞收缩, 符合CVI变大、细胞变硬的响应; 随着维拉帕米浓度的增加, 药物引起的QCM频率升高、电阻下降与CVI减小的幅度均增大; 光学显微镜下观测到细胞舒张, 符合CVI变小、细胞变软的响应。说明QCM与原代心肌细胞结合作为心血管药物筛选细胞模型与工具有很大的应用前景。

端接光纤光栅应变传感器具有无多峰、栅区不直接受力和各点受力相等等优点,在基片式和夹持式等传感器封装中得到广泛应用。但黏接层的剪切变形会导致光纤光栅测量应变与基体结构应变不同,从而产生应变测量误差。实际使用中,需要准确获得黏接层剪切变形影响下光纤光栅应变与基体结构应变的函数关系,以提高应变的测量精度。为此,推导了线黏弹性表面黏贴式端接光纤光栅应变传递方程,建立了瞬时响应和准静态响应下光纤光栅和基体之间的平均应变传递模型。讨论分析了影响平均应变传递率的因素,给出明显优于栅区黏接式光纤光栅应变传感器的黏接层参数的影响规律。通过有限元仿真验证了理论方程的有效性。该模型为端接光纤光栅应变传感器的设计与应用提供依据。

生物组织的黏性和弹性在许多疾病发生和发展的过程中会发生改变，因此检测生物组织黏弹性对疾病诊疗具有重要意义。基于此，介绍了基于激光散斑技术的生物组织黏弹性测量方法。从弹性波调制下的激光散斑衬比变化，布朗运动下的光强自相关函数和低频交变应力作用下的散斑位移3个方面，分别介绍生物组织黏弹性激光散斑检测的理论基础和研究现状。

In the characterization of elastic properties of tissue using dynamic optical coherence elastography, shear/surface waves are propagated and tracked in order to estimate speed and Young's modulus. However, for dispersive tissues, the displacement pulse is highly damped and distorted during propagation, diminishing the effectiveness of peak tracking approaches, and leading to biased estimates of wave speed. Further, plane wave propagation is sometimes assumed, which contributes to estimation errors. Therefore, we invert a wave propagation model that incorporates propagation, decay, and distortion of pulses in a dispersive media in order to accurately estimate its elastic and viscous components. The model uses a general first-order approximation of dispersion, avoiding the use of any particular rheological model of tissue. Experiments are conducted in elastic and viscoelastic tissue-mimicking phantoms by producing a Gaussian push using acoustic radiation force excitation and measuring the wave propagation using a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system. Results confirmed the effectiveness of the inversion method in estimating viscoelastic parameters in both the viscoelastic and elastic phantoms when compared to mechanical measurements. Finally, the viscoelastic characterization of a fresh porcine cornea was conducted. Preliminary results validate this approach when compared to other methods.

Since changes in mechanical properties of biological tissues are often closely related to pathology, the viscoelastic properties are important physical parameters for medical diagnosis. A photoacoustic (PA) phase-resolved method for noninvasively characterizing the biological tissue viscoelasticity has been proposed by Gao et al. [G. Gao, S. Yang, D. Xing, “Viscoelasticity imaging of biological tissues with phase-resolved photoacoustic measurement,” Opt. Lett. 36, 3341–3343 (2011)]. The mathematical relationship between the PA phase delay and the viscosity–elasticity ratio has been theoretically deduced. Moreover, systems of PA viscoelasticity (PAVE) imaging including PAVE microscopy and PAVE endoscopy were developed, and high-PA-phase contrast images reflecting the tissue viscoelasticity information have been successfully achieved. The PAVE method has been developed in tumor detection, atherosclerosis characterization and related vascular endoscopy. We reviewed the development of the PAVE technique and its applications in biomedical fields. It is believed that PAVE imaging is of great potential in both biomedical applications and clinical studies.

弹性是一种描述物质物理意义的重要参数, 在描述物质在热力学和动力学的变化过程中有着重要的意义。在医学上, 弹性的变化往往和病变联系在一起。然而, 绝大多数生物组织在他们的力学特性上所表现出的复杂性并不是弹性模量一项参数就可以完全表述的, 在对于他们的粘弹性表征和流变学行为的描述中, 粘滞性往往和弹性一样的重要。现在被广泛用来对生物组织机械特性表征的成像技术是弹性成像, 其基本原理是给组织施加一个激励, 组织会产生一个响应, 而该响应的分布结合技术的处理方法, 可以反映出其弹性模量等力学属性的差异。本文介绍了生物组织常见的弹性成像方法: 超声弹性成像, 磁共振弹性成像以及光学相干弹性成像; 详细阐述了新发展起来的技术-光声弹性成像和光声粘弹成像, 并讨论分析其应用前景。