温稠密物质状态是惯性约束聚变过程及天体演化过程中的重要物质发展阶段。随着密度的增加，量子效应逐渐显现并导致包括温稠密参数下集体激发行为与经典等离子体模型之间出现差异。密度泛函动理学方法是基于含时密度泛函理论建立的统计模型，并依据Wigner分布函数(相空间量子力学)发展的动理学输运方法，可以有效弥补经典等离子体理论对量子效应的忽略。基于密度泛函动理学方法，发现温稠密特征参数内费米狄拉克分布、交换关联效应、量子衍射效应等性质都对双流不稳定性起到抑制作用。密度泛函动理学方法有望为等离子体视角研究温稠密系统输运性质提供第一性的理论平台。

强流高能离子束可以准等容加热任何高密度样品，制备出尺度大、状态均匀、内部无冲击波的高能量密度物质，为实验室研究高能量密度物理提供了一种独特的新手段。介绍了国内外典型的强流重离子加速器装置及其与高能量密度物理相关的关键参数设计和研究规划；展示了基于粒子和流体模拟的离子束驱动高能量密度物质产生和状态演化规律进展；介绍了一套兼具高时空分辨和高穿透力的高能电子成像诊断技术；分析了中低能区离子束与等离子体相互作用过程中的碰撞和电荷交换微观机制，以及激光加速超短超强离子束在等离子体中的非线性输运和欧姆能损机制。

脉冲电流驱动金属丝电爆炸可产生具有较高能量密度的等离子体，并伴随脉冲电磁辐射、强冲击波等效应，广泛应用于Z箍缩、电热化学**、油气助采等领域；与纯金属相比，合金具备电阻率高、成分可调、相变复杂等特点，在电爆炸效应参数的调控方面具有很大潜力。开展了大气空气介质中铜、镍、铜镍（康铜）丝在微秒时间尺度电脉冲作用下电爆炸实验研究，通过放电参数与自辐射图像诊断，获取电爆炸过程放电参数与时空演变的特性规律，得到脉冲电流作用下合金电爆炸在相变与等离子体方面的特征。实验发现，在电爆炸早期，铜镍合金的高电阻率能够提高能量沉积效率：铜52%、镍74%、铜镍合金78%；而相爆开始后，合金丝负载则更接近纯镍丝负载性能。等离子体通道早期膨胀速率在5 mm/μs量级，随后迅速衰减；合金丝等离子体膨胀时间更久，击穿后平均电阻率上升缓慢，且等离子体辐射与金属爆炸产物在空间尺度上存在关联性。特别地，铜镍合金气溶胶分层同时具有横向和纵向特征（特征尺度10⁻¹ mm），但整体较铜气溶胶更为均匀。

随着大型激光装置的建立和精密测量技术的发展，强激光与固体相互作用成为实验室产生温稠密物质的一个重要手段。温稠密物质的结构复杂性、瞬态性和非平衡性给理论建模和实验测量带来了巨大挑战。本文系统介绍了激光产生温稠密物质的实验手段和理论模拟方法方面的重要进展，分析了其中的电子激发动力学、电子-离子能量弛豫过程、离子动力学等物理过程，总结了温稠密物质状态诊断的实验技术和理论方法，并论述了激光产生温稠密物质的发展趋势。

The study of structure, thermodynamic state, equation of state (EOS) and transport properties of warm dense matter (WDM) has become one of the key aspects of laboratory astrophysics. This field has demonstrated its importance not only concerning the internal structure of planets, but also other astrophysical bodies such as brown dwarfs, crusts of old stars or white dwarf stars. There has been a rapid increase in interest and activity in this field over the last two decades owing to many technological advances including not only the commissioning of high energy optical laser systems, z-pinches and X-ray free electron lasers, but also short-pulse laser facilities capable of generation of novel particle and X-ray sources. Many new diagnostic methods have been developed recently to study WDM in its full complexity. Even ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics has been accessed for the first time thanks to subpicosecond laser pulses achieved at new facilities. Recent years saw a number of major discoveries with direct implications to astrophysics such as the formation of diamond at pressures relevant to interiors of frozen giant planets like Neptune, metallic hydrogen under conditions such as those found inside Jupiter’s dynamo or formation of lonsdaleite crystals under extreme pressures during asteroid impacts on celestial bodies. This paper provides a broad review of the most recent experimental work carried out in this field with a special focus on the methods used. All typical schemes used to produce WDM are discussed in detail. Most of the diagnostic techniques recently established to probe WDM are also described. This paper also provides an overview of the most prominent examples of these methods used in experiments. Even though the main emphasis of the publication is experimental work focused on laboratory astrophysics primarily at laser facilities, a brief outline of other methods such as dynamic compression with z-pinches and static compression using diamond anvil cells (DAC) is also included. Some relevant theoretical and computational efforts related to WDM and astrophysics are mentioned in this review.