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Chinese Optics Letters 第13卷 第11期

Author Affiliations
Abstract
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
We present a simple, robust, space-adjustable dark magneto-optical trap (MOT) for the efficient production of heteronuclear molecules. Double-mixed beams made up of repumping beams and depumping beams propagate in nearly opposite directions in the dark MOT. This optical arrangement can easily adjust the spatial positions of two clouds by changing the power ratio of the two repumping beams, and ensure a good overlap, which is very necessary for the production of heteronuclear molecules. The imaging of cold atoms by camera and the collision-induced loss rate obtained by recording the loading curve of the cold atoms show that we obtain a perfect overlap of atom clouds. The number of RbCs molecules with the double-mixed beams is improved by 70%, which is higher than the one with the single-mixed beam.
020.3320 Laser cooling 020.7010 Laser trapping 300.6360 Spectroscopy, laser 300.6390 Spectroscopy, molecular 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 110201
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
A new miniature spectrometer with two entrance slits is proposed to expand the spectral band. The proposed spectrometer is designed such that the two entrance slits share the same concave grating and detector array. The two slits are located at different positions such that the spectral range of the same light source incident on the detector array varies greatly between the two slits. Only one of the two slits is illuminated at a given time; as such, the two spectral ranges are sequentially measured. Theoretical calculation and experimentation are conducted to verify the proposed design.
050.1950 Diffraction gratings 220.4830 Systems design 300.6190 Spectrometers 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 110501
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory for Quantum Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of All Solid-State Laser and Applied Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
In an experiment on the round-trip fiber transfer of joint frequency and time signals based on wavelength-division multiplexing technology, a specific bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Bi-EDFA) with low noise and high symmetry simultaneously is designed and applied to compensate for the loss of the link. The Allan deviation (ADEV) deterioration of the 1 GHz frequency signal induced by the Bi-EDFA is only 8×10 15 at 1 s and 9×10 18 at 104 s in the forward direction, and is 1.7×10 14 at 1 s and 1.2×10 17 at 104 s in the backward direction. The degraded time deviation (TDEV) caused by the asymmetry of the Bi-EDFA is only 0.8 ps at an average time of 103 s. With the proposed Bi-EDFA, in the field experiment on the 110 km fiber transfer of joint frequency and time signals, the ADEV of the 1 GHz frequency signal is 7.3×10 14 at 1 s and 2.5×10 17 at 104 s. The TDEV of the 1 pulse per second time signal is 6.8 ps with an average time of 1
060.2320 Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators 060.2360 Fiber optics links and subsystems 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 110601
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Center for Information Photonics & Communications, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
2 College of Optics & Photonics (CREOL), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
An adaptive digital backward propagation (ADBP) algorithm is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on the variance of the intensity noise. The proposed algorithm can self-determine the unknown nonlinear coefficient γ and the nonlinear compensation parameter ξ. Compared to the scheme based on the variance of phase noise, the proposed algorithm can avoid the repeated frequency offset compensation and carrier phase recovery. The simulation results show that the system’s performance compensated by the proposed method is comparable to conventional ADBP schemes. The performance of the proposed algorithm is simulated in 40/112 Gb/s polarization-division multiplexing (PDM)-quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 224 Gb/s PDM-16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) systems and further experimentally verified in a 40 Gb/s PDM-QPSK coherent optical communication system over a 720 km single-mode fiber.
060.2300 Fiber measurements 060.2330 Fiber optics communications 060.4370 Nonlinear optics, fibers 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 110602
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Graduate Institute of Color and Illumination Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, China
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, China
3 Department of Electronics Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, China
This Letter proposes to apply full-color computer-generated holograms to the virtual image projection system so that the viewers can comfortably view floating images. Regarding the spatial division and distribution operation, a modified Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm is used for acquiring the phase infographics, which are input into the spatial light modulator for the reconstructed projection. Such a virtual image projection system could reach the vertical angle of view of 15°–75° and the horizontal angle of view 360°, and the mixed-light modulating proportion contains a 3 mW red light laser, a 2 mW green light laser, and a 2.6 mW blue light laser to achieve the full-color mixed-light proportion with a speckle contrast of 6.65%. The relative diffraction efficiency and root mean square error of the reconstructed image are 95.3% and 0.0524, respectively.
090.1760 Computer holography 090.0090 Holography 090.2870 Holographic display 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 110901
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China
2 Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China
The exoplanet search is one of the most exciting research fields in astrophysics. The Antarctic Bright Star Survey Telescope (BSST), capable of continuous exoplanet observation on polar nights, is a Ritchey–Chretien telescope with a three-lens field corrector, and has a 300 mm aperture, 2.76 focal ratio, and a wavelength coverage ranging from 0.36 to 1.014 μm. Equipped with a 4 k×4 k and 12 μm/pixel CCD camera, the BSST can gain a field of view of 4.8°. This Letter presents the optical design, tolerance analysis, and the alignment plan for the BSST, and the test observation results.
110.0110 Imaging systems 220.0220 Optical design and fabrication 230.0230 Optical devices 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111101
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2 School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
3 Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
A CO2 sensor for capnography, based on a hollow waveguide (HWG) and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), is presented; the sensor uses direct absorption spectroscopy and requires neither frequent calibration nor optical filters, giving it a significant advantage over existing techniques. Because of the HWG, the CO2 measurement achieved a concentration resolution of 60 ppm at a measurement rate of 25 Hz, as characterized by Allan variance. The length of the HWG was selected to efficiently suppress the optical fringes. This setup is perfectly suited for the detection of CO2 by capnography, and shows promise for the potential detection of other breath gases.
120.3890 Medical optics instrumentation 300.6260 Spectroscopy, diode lasers 280.1415 Biological sensing and sensors 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111201
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Advanced Photonics Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Due to the excellent electro-optic properties of lead lanthanum zirconium titanate ((Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3, PLZT), compact 1×2 and 1×4 PLZT optical switches with a high response speed are proposed and fabricated successfully in this Letter. By introducing a thin isolating layer between the waveguides and the electrodes, the absorption loss of the fabricated 1×2 PLZT switch caused by the electrodes is reduced 8.9 dB with a relatively low driving voltage. The 1×2 PLZT switch shows an insertion loss of 18.3 dB and crosstalk of 20.5 dB at an applied voltage of 9.5 V. The fabricated 1×4 switch array shows an insertion loss of 20.7 dB and a crosstalk of 20.5 dB at an applied voltage of 13 V. The response time of the switches is less than 27 ns, and the device’s size is only 15 mm×6 mm. The switches can be used in optical communication systems.
060.4510 Optical communications 130.3120 Integrated optics devices 130.3130 Integrated optics materials 130.4815 Optical switching devices 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111301
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
We report a simple, cost-effective and repeatable method for fabricating a large area and uniform substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The silicon, micromachined by a femtosecond laser, is coated with gold film and then treated through the dewetting process. The morphology shows a higher electric field enhancement due to light trapping. The enhancement factor of the SERS substrate is 9.2×107 with a 5 nm-thick film coated. Moreover, it also exhibits a uniform signal through Raman mapping and chemical stability with the greatest intensity deviation of 6% after a month. The proposed technique provides an opportunity to equip microchips with the SERS capabilities of high sensitivity, chemical stability, and homogeneous signals.
240.6695 Surface-enhanced Raman scattering 140.7090 Ultrafast lasers 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111401
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, China JiLiang Universiy, Hangzhou 310018, China
2 Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
An efficient two-stage KTiOAO4 optical parametric amplifier (OPA) system with walk-off-compensating alignment is designed. By introducing an extra time delay between the pump pulse and the signal pulse, this OPA architecture is capable of obtaining high optical conversion efficiency and high signal gain simultaneously. Finally, a maximum gain of 98 at the 1.57 μm wavelength is obtained with the signal beam quality of M2 around 5.6. The efficiency of the optical conversion from 1.064 to 1.57 μm is around 26%.
140.3280 Laser amplifiers 190.4410 Nonlinear optics, parametric processes 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111402
Author Affiliations
Abstract
National Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
A diode-end-pumped tunable twisted-mode cavity Tm, Ho:YAG laser with single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation is demonstrated in this Letter. The maximal SLM output power is 106 mW with a slope efficiency of 4.86%. The wavelength can be changed from 2090.38 to 2097.32 nm by tuning the angle of an etalon.
140.3570 Lasers, single-mode 140.3600 Lasers, tunable 140.3480 Lasers, diode-pumped 140.3580 Lasers, solid-state 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111403
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
A stable, single-longitudinal-mode, nanosecond-pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a laser-diode dual-end pumping arrangement is constructed. Injection seeding is performed successfully by utilizing a RbTiOPO4 crystal as the intracavity phase modulator to change the optical length of the slave cavity based on the delay-ramp-fire technique. The laser generates 9.9 mJ of pulse energy with a 16 ns pulse duration at a 400 Hz repetition rate. A near-diffraction-limit laser beam is achieved with a beam quality factor M2 of approximately 1.2. The frequency jitter is 1.5 MHz over 2 min, and the fluctuation of the output pulse power is 0.3% over 23 min.
140.3570 Lasers, single-mode 140.3580 Lasers, solid-state 140.3540 Lasers, Q-switched 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111404
Author Affiliations
Abstract
College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
We report experimental progress in weakening the frequency difference lock-in phenomenon in a Y-shaped cavity dual-frequency laser. A cube coil pair is chosen to provide a uniform magnetic field for tunability and uniformity of magnetic field strength. When the transverse magnetic field intensity is 9 mT, the frequency difference lock-in phenomenon is evidently weakened and the frequency difference can be continuously tuned in the range of 0.12 MHz to 1.15 GHz. Moreover, the relationship between the minimal frequency difference and magnetic field intensity are investigated and discussed. Then a Y-shaped cavity dual-frequency laser is expected to be utilized as an optimum light source for heterodyne interferometric sensing and precise laser measurement.
140.0140 Lasers and laser optics 140.1340 Atomic gas lasers 140.3460 Lasers 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111405
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 School of Engineering, KDU University College, Glenmarie Campus, Jalan Kontraktor U1/14, Seksyen U1, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3 Photonics Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
A sideband-controllable soliton mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser is successfully demonstrated utilizing the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. The sidebands can be produced or suppressed by performing simple polarization light tuning with a polarization controller. It is believed that the elimination of the sidebands is due to the dispersive waves that are filtered out by the polarization-dependent isolator in the resonator. With the elimination of the Kelly sidebands, the obtained 3 dB bandwidth is 10.6 nm and the attainable pulse duration is 0.86 ps. In this experiment, it is proven that the existence of Kelly sidebands limits the attainable pulse duration.
140.4050 Mode-locked lasers 140.3510 Lasers, fiber 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111406
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
2 MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
Early detection and timely treatment of nerve injury is crucial for the repair of nerve function. One week following a crush injury, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is over-expressed along the entire length of the sciatic nerve. Herein, we present an approach to detect injured nerves by photoacoustic microscopy after labeling the injured nerve with HSP27 antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles. The studies reveal that nanoprobe administration enabled the detection of injured nerves by photoacoustic microscopy, especially during the early stages within 3–7 days post injury. In conclusion, photoacoustic microscopy combined with antibody-conjugated nanoparticles holds potential for the early detection of nerve injury.
170.0170 Medical optics and biotechnology 170.3880 Medical and biological imaging 170.5120 Photoacoustic imaging 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111701
Yi He 1,2,*Zhibin Wang 1,2,4Yuanyuan Wang 3,4Ling Wei 1,2[ ... ]Yudong Zhang 1,2
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
2 The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
3 School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
Facilitated with stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm for wavefront sensorless correcting aberrations, an adaptive optics (AO) confocal fluorescence microscopy is developed and used to record fluorescent signals in vivo. Vessels of mice auricle at 80, 100 and 120 μm depth are obtained, and image contrast and fluorescence intensity are significantly improved with AO correction. The typical 10%–90% rise-time of the metric value measured is 5.0 s for a measured close-loop bandwidth of 0.2 Hz. Therefore, the AO confocal microscopy implemented with SPGD algorithm for robust AO corrections will be a powerful tool for study of vascular dynamics in future.
110.0110 Imaging systems 170.0170 Medical optics and biotechnology 170.1790 Confocal microscopy 170.0180 Microscopy 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 111702
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
2 College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
In this Letter, a method for detecting the focused beam waist of lasers is proposed by using weak measurements based on the so-called weak-value amplification. We establish a propagation model to describe the quantitative relation between the beam waist and the amplified shift of the spin Hall effect of light (SHEL), which is sensitive to the variation of the beam waist. We experimentally measure the amplified shift corresponding to a different beam waist and the experimental data agrees well with theoretical calculation. These results confirm the rationality and feasibility of our method.
240.3695 Linear and nonlinear light scattering from surfaces 260.5430 Polarization 140.3295 Laser beam characterization 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 112401
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
The spectral properties of entangled photon pairs generated via quasi-phased matching in spontaneous parametric down-conversion are proposed and demonstrated experimentally. A general mathematical model for evaluating the spectral properties is developed to obtain the spectrum shape and range of down-converted photons. The model takes into account the effects of phase mismatching due to non-ideal pumping and the relationship between crystal periodic modulation function and the incidence angle of the pump beam. The spectrum curve shape is determined by the discrete Fourier transform of a Gaussian pump beam and the integration of parametric down-conversion generated by an individual plane wave. An experiment is carried out with a PPLN non-linear crystal and dispersing optics, which shows a good consistency in their spectral ranges and shapes with our model predictions within the spectrum of 600–633 nm. This therefore illustrates that both the simulation model and the experimental process are reasonable. This novel method has potential applications in high-accuracy calibration in the wide spectrum using correlated photons.
190.4410 Nonlinear optics, parametric processes 120.3940 Metrology 300.6410 Spectroscopy, multiphoton 040.5250 Photomultipliers 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 113001
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
The formation of long plasma channels and laser-induced high-voltage discharges are demonstrated by focusing infrared picosecond laser pulses in air. Based on measurements of the channel conductivity, the maximum electron density in excess of 1014 cm 3 is estimated. The plasma channels are good conductors, through which long-air-gap high-voltage discharges are triggered. The breakdown voltages show large drops but the discharging paths are not well guided: in this, the plasma spots distributed along the channel might play an important role.
320.5390 Picosecond phenomena 350.5400 Plasmas 140.3440 Laser-induced breakdown 
Chinese Optics Letters
2015, 13(11): 113201