太赫兹波具有良好的穿透性、低能性和宽带性, 在高速空间通信、环境监测、外差探测、医学探测、无损检测和**安全等领域具有重要的应用前景。波导传输技术和功能器件是太赫兹系统不可或缺的重要组成部分, 太赫兹波导的性能决定了太赫兹系统的信号传输效率和集成度, 引起人们的研究兴趣。近年来, 太赫兹波导的发展取得了长足的进步, 从普通的金属空心波导到金属线波导、介质光纤, 再到最近的人工表面等离激元波导、石墨烯、铌酸锂等新型波导, 它们展现出了各自的优势, 令人振奋。该综述全面介绍了太赫兹波导领域的发展及研究近况, 并对其未来应用进行了展望。

Due to the relatively good penetration, low energy and broadband properties, terahertz waves have considerable application prospects in the fields of high-speed space communications, environmental monitoring, heterodyne detection, medical detection, non-destructive testing, and national defense security. As one of the core component of terahertz active and passive devices, terahertz waveguide is an indispensable part of the terahertz application system. The performance of the waveguide structure and functional devices determines the signal transmission efficiency of the terahertz system. The integrated terahertz waveguide has an important influence on the volume of the terahertz device. In recent years the development of terahertz waveguides has made great progress, from ordinary metal hollow waveguides to metal wire waveguides, dielectric optical fibers, and then to the recent artificial surface plasmon waveguides, graphene, lithium niobate and other new waveguides. These waveguide techniques demonstrate respective and exciting advantages. This review comprehensively introduces the latest developments in the field of terahertz waveguides, and prospects for its future applications.