相对于接触式测量，机器视觉检测这种非接触式测量具有效率高、信息全、稳定性好、可识别缺陷等优点，在齿轮检测领域得到越来越广泛的应用。近十年来出现了影像仪、闪测仪、CVGM仪器、在线检测设备等多种基于机器视觉技术的齿轮检测仪器，它们既可以实现齿轮综合式测量，又可以实现齿轮分析式测量。回顾了齿轮视觉检测仪器的发展历程和特点，分析了齿轮视觉检测中边缘检测、亚像素定位、特征提取和模式识别等算法的研究和应用进展，总结了机器视觉在齿轮精度测量和齿轮缺陷检测两个方面的技术发展，并指明了齿轮视觉检测仪器与技术的发展前景。

Compared with contact measurement, machine vision inspection, a noncontact measurement, has the advantages of high efficiency, complete information, good stability, and recognizable defects. It has been used increasingly in the field of gear inspection. Many gear inspection instruments based on machine vision technology have been developed in the last 10 years, including video measuring machines, flash measuring machines, CVGM instruments, and online inspection equipments that can perform both comprehensive gear inspection and analytical gear measurement. This paper examines the development processes and characteristics of gear visual inspection instruments; analyzes the research and application progress of algorithms such as edge detection, subpixel positioning, feature extraction, and pattern recognition in gear visual inspection; summarizes the technical development of machine vision in gear accuracy measurement and gear defect inspection; and identifies the future development prospects of gear visual inspection instruments and technology.