随着可穿戴电子技术的发展，柔性热电器件由于可持续供电能力、可弯曲形变性及便携性等特点成为穿戴能源设备领域的研究热点。然而，目前柔性热电器件存在拉伸性低、透气性缺乏、功能集成性差等问题，限制了其在穿戴设备中的有效应用。一维结构的纤维基可拉伸热电器件具有尺寸小、轻质、可形变性强、可编织等特点，能够实现穿戴织物的集成和人体热能的持续收集。综述可拉伸纤维基热电器件的材料、结构及制备方法，进一步讨论其在自供电传感、热能收集和热电致冷方面的应用，最后对纤维基热电器件的发展前景作出展望，并指出目前存在的关键挑战和难题。

With rapid development of wearable electronic technology, flexible thermoelectrics have become an important research topic in the field of wearable energy devices, owing to their sustainable power-supply ability, flexibility, and portability. However, the application of flexible thermoelectric devices in wearables is limited by their low stretchability, lack of breathability, and poor functional integration. Fiber-based stretchable thermoelectric devices with one-dimensional structure feature properties such as small size, lightweight, large deformation, and weavability, which make them suitable for integration into wearable fabrics. In addition, these devices can harvest thermal energy from human body. In this study, the materials, structures, and processing techniques developed for the fabrication of stretchable fiber thermoelectric devices are reviewed. Thereafter, their applications in self-powered sensing, energy harvesting, and thermoelectric cooling are discussed. Finally, a summary and an outlook are provided on the development of fiber thermoelectric devices wherein the key challenges of their practical applications are highlighted.