本文以油菜秸秆为原料，研究不同吸收剂量⁶⁰Co-γ辐照处理后样品中木质纤维素组分、降解产物种类和含量的变化，并对其酶解和分步糖化发酵特性进行评价。研究结果表明：随着吸收剂量的升高，油菜秸秆中纤维素、木聚糖和木质素含量降低，水溶性组分总量逐渐增加，水浸提液pH逐渐降低。降解产物中4种小分子脂肪酸总量随辐照吸收剂量的升高逐渐增加，1 000 kGy处理后达到最大值9.25 mg/g；9种小分子芳香类降解产物总量呈先增后降趋势，800 kGy时达到最大值0.22 mg/g。油菜秸秆酶解纤维素转化率和葡萄糖浓度随着吸收剂量的升高逐渐增加；随着底物浓度的增加，纤维素转化率逐渐降低，酶解液中葡萄糖浓度逐渐升高；15%底物浓度下800 kGy辐照处理油菜秸秆酶解纤维素转化率为57.55%，分步糖化发酵乙醇转化率低于10%。辐照结合水浸提处理显著提高油菜秸秆酶解发酵效率，水浸提后800 kGy辐照油菜秸秆在15%底物浓度酶解纤维素转化率和葡萄糖浓度分别为71.62%和40.38 mg/mL，分步发酵48 h后乙醇转化率达到64.00%，且发酵液中葡萄糖被全部消耗。

Rapeseed straw was used as raw material to investigate the changes in the lignocellulosic components, types and contents of degradation products after different absorbed doses of ⁶⁰Co-γ-ray irradiation, and the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation characteristics were evaluated in this research. The results showed that the contents of cellulose, xylan and lignin decreased, the total amount of water-soluble components increased, and the pH of water extract gradually decreased in the rapeseed straw with the increase of irradiation absorbed dose. The total amount of four types of small molecular fatty acids in the degradation products of rapeseed straw gradually increased with the irradiation absorbed dose increasing, reaching a maximum of 9.25 mg/g after 1 000 kGy irradiated. The total amount of nine types of small molecular aromatic degradation products first increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum of 0.22 mg/g in 800 kGy irradiated rapeseed straw. The cellulose conversion rate and glucose concentration of rapeseed straw by enzymatic hydrolysis increased with the increase of irradiation absorbed dose. The cellulose conversion rate decreased and the glucose concentration in enzymatic hydrolysate gradually increased with increasing substrate concentration. The cellulose conversion rate for enzymatic hydrolysis was 57.55% and ethanol conversion rate was less than 10% of 800 kGy irradiated rapeseed straw at 15% substrate concentration in separate hydrolysis and fermentation. Irradiation combined with water extraction significantly improved the enzymatic and fermentation efficiency of rapeseed straw. The cellulose conversion rate and glucose concentration for enzymatic hydrolysis were 71.62% and 40.38 mg/mL, respectively, the ethanol conversion rate was 64.00% after 48 h of separate fermentation, and the glucose in fermentation broth was completely consumed for 800 kGy irradiated rapeseed straw after water extraction at 15% substrate concentration.