核医学成像设备中的探测器是整个设备的核心部件。基于闪烁体探测器的核医学成像设备存在光电转换效率低和能量分辨率差等关键问题，短期内难以有效解决。而近年来碲锌镉半导体探测器的发展使得核医学成像设备在能量分辨率和空间分辨率等方面取得了很大的提高。本文以单光子发射计算机断层成像(SPECT)技术为例，首先介绍了核医学成像原理及设备组成，然后从碲锌镉探测器的工作原理及基本结构出发，综述了碲锌镉探测器的新技术及其在临床核医学的应用，最后结合核医学领域应用的需求展望了碲锌镉探测器的研究重点和技术发展趋势。

Radiation detector is one of the most important components for nuclear medicine imaging equipment like single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Among different types of detection technologies, scintillator detectors are the most extensively used ones, but associated with some problems including slow imaging speed and poor image quality which are inherent and difficult to solve. In recent years, the advancement of new semiconductor detection technologies such as cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) detectors have greatly improved the energy and spatial resolving capability of nuclear medicine imaging equipment. Based on the introduction of the working principle and main parts of nuclear medicine equipment, this paper uses the SPECT as an example to review the advancement of the CdZnTe detectors including the performance improvement in clinical nuclear medicine, and finally points out the potential research and development trends of CdZnTe detectors demanded by the nuclear medicine clinical applications.