作为光遗传学的重要工具，纳米光遗传探针用于实现对生物体神经元的光刺激，能够辅助神经科学家更具特异性地探索大脑的工作机制，有望用于神经疾病的发病机理分析和治疗。研究人员针对光遗传学刺激的刺激强度、刺激范围、刺激模式、时空分辨率等要求，开发了具有不同光学功能的探针，也针对丰富探针功能如原位电生理记录、化学或生物分子递送等要求，开发了多功能的神经探针。为克服传统光电子器件刚性不可弯折、易对生物体造成损伤等弊端，柔性光学神经探针应运而生。这一类探针在植入时对生物体的损伤小，在植入后能够维持稳定的出光强度，其使用寿命得到保证。本文围绕不同类型、不同功能的光遗传探针以及光遗传探针中的柔性技术进行综述和展望。

Optogenetic nanoprobes are an important technique in optogenetics, utilized to deliver precise light stimulation to neurons in organisms, aiding neuroscientists in investigating the working mechanisms of the brain. Optogenetic nanoprobes have the potential to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. To fulfill stimulation requirements such as stimulation intensity, stimulation range, stimulation patterns, and temporal and spatial resolution, researchers have developed probes capable of performing various optical functions. To fulfill functional requirements such as in-situ electrophysiological recording and delivery of chemical or biological molecules, scientists have developed multi-functional probes. In order to overcome the disadvantages of traditional optoelectronic devices, as they are rigid and easy to cause severe damage to organisms, flexible optical neural probes have been invented. This type of probe causes minimal harm to the organism during implantation and maintains a consistent level of light illumination, ensuring a prolonged life span. This paper provides an overview and the prospects for different types and functions of optogenetic probes, as well as their flexible technologies.