超高温陶瓷材料耐温性能优异, 但本征脆性和较差的抗热冲击性能一直都是限制其进一步工程应用的主要障碍。石墨烯作为一种碳原子排列成蜂窝结构的二维纳米材料, 具有优异的力学、电学和热学性能, 常被作为添加相来改性陶瓷基体, 使其成为陶瓷复合材料中理想的增韧材料, 实现复合材料的功能化和结构化。本文对石墨烯/超高温陶瓷基复合材料的制备工艺、仿生构筑、微观形貌、宏观性能等方面的研究成果进行了全面的综述, 着重论述了石墨烯对超高温陶瓷基体的增韧作用效果及机理、热学性能、抗热震性能、抗氧化性能的影响, 并对目前面临的挑战和未来发展进行展望。

Ultrahigh-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a kind of thermal protecting material used in the extreme thermal environment due to their excellent temperature resistance. However, their intrinsic brittleness and poor thermal shock resistance restrict the engineering applications. Graphene as a two-dimensional (2D) nano-material where carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb structure has superior mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. It is often used as an additive phase to modify the ceramic matrix, and is considered as an ideal toughening material in ceramic composites to realize the functionalization and structuralization of composites. This review represented recent research work on the preparation process, bionic construction method, microstructure and macro properties of graphene/UHTCs. The toughening effects and mechanism, thermal properties, thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance of UHTCs doped with graphene were discussed. In addition, some challenges and future development of this field were also put forwarded.