近期市场出现一种形似铁线绿松石的玉石品种, 商家称之为“中东绿松石”, 困扰了珠宝市场的正常秩序。 对“中东绿松石”进行显微岩相学、 X射线粉晶衍射、 红外光谱、 拉曼光谱、 显微紫外可见光谱和微量元素分析, 确定其矿物学特征和谱学特征并命名。 结果表明: “中东绿松石”是一种多晶质集合体, 以透明-微透明蓝色和白色球状矿物组成的条带为主, 外部具有不透明褐红色矿物, 玻璃光泽, 折射率为1.53~1.54, 相对密度约为2.48~2.60, 紫外荧光灯短波和长波下, 蓝色部分均呈蓝白色荧光。 显微岩相学分析表明, 蓝色和白色的环带区域多为隐晶质放射状玉髓, 部分玉髓表面分布有少量铁氧化物而呈褐红色; 环带的中心区域为0.05~0.3 mm它形粒状的单晶石英。 X射线粉晶衍射分析发现“中东绿松石”中还含有结晶程度不高的针铁矿。 红外光谱显示, “中东绿松石”的红外光谱特征吸收峰与石英质玉石和玉髓一致, 为1 179、 1 104、 798、 781、 690、 540和488 cm-1, 由Si-O非对称伸缩振动、 Si-O-Si对称伸缩振动和Si-O弯曲振动导致。 拉曼光谱分析表明, 样品蓝色环带部分和中心部分具有石英的拉曼位移466和210 cm-1, 样品褐红色部分不仅具有石英的拉曼位移, 还具有针铁矿的拉曼位移302和551 cm-1。 显微紫外可见光谱和微量元素分析表明, “中东绿松石”的蓝色与Cu元素含量呈正相关关系, 表现为600~700 nm吸收带。 尽管“中东绿松石”的外形特点和某些铁线绿松石相似, 但其矿物成分是显晶质石英和玉髓的集合体, 含少量针铁矿, 根据GB/T 16552-2017, 其正确的珠宝玉石名称应为“石英质玉”。

Recently, A kind of jade has appeared in gem wholessale markets, which is similar to veins turquoise, called “Middle East turquoise” and brings trouble to the normal order of the jewelry market. This paper analysed Microlithography, X-ray powder crystal diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, micro-UV visible spectroscopy and trace elements to determine its mineralogy and spectral characteristics. The results showed that “Middle East turquoise” is a kind of quartzite jade, mainly composed of transparent-microtransparent blue and white spherical minerals, with opaque lignite minerals, glass luster, the refractive index of 1.53～1.54, the relative density of about 2.48~2.60. Under short and long wave ultraviolet light, the blue part is blue and white fluorescence. Micrographic analysis shows that the blue and white annules are mostly crystalline radioactive pulp, part of the iron oxide brown; the center of the annule is 0.05~0.3 mm granular single crystal quartz. X-ray powder crystal diffraction analysis found that “Middle East turquoise” also contains low crystallization. FTIR spectroscopy shows that the characteristic absorption peak of “Middle East turquoise” coincides with quartz jade and 1 179, 1 104, 798, 781, 690, 540, 488 cm-1, resulting from Si-O asymmetric extension vibration, Si-O-Si symmetric extension vibration and Si-O bending vibration. Raman spectroscopy shows that the Raman shift with quartz 466 and 210 cm-1 in the blue annual and central part of the sample, and the brown-red part of the sample has not only quartz Raman shift but also the Raman shift 302 and 551 cm-1. Micro-UV visible spectrum and trace element analysis show that the blue of “Middle East turquoise” positively correlates with Cu element content, showing a 600~700 nm absorption band. While the appearance of “Middle East turquoise” is similar to wire turquoise, its mineral composition is not turquoise but a collection of crystalline quartz and chalcedony, containing a small amount of needle ore, so it should not be confused with turquoise. It can be named “quartzite jade”.