非侵入性激光照射可以诱导细胞和组织的光生物调节效应。光生物调节(PBM)应用广泛, 特别是在抗微生物感染和改善炎症方面有着很好的效果。然而, 研究发现, PBM对细菌和炎症有双向调节现象, 抗菌-促菌和抑炎-促炎在不同的试验条件下会发生变化。近些年来, PBM的临床应用受到越来越多的关注, 特别是在抗菌领域, 因为它是一种无创的策略, 禁忌症少。然而, 由于双向调节效应, 研究人员仍然对PBM的应用方式存疑, 必须根据其临床应用进行光照波长、剂量等参数的修改。因此, 本文总结了PBM对细菌的双向调节效应, 分析了这种双向调节效应产生的影响因素及其分子机制。PBM对细菌的双向调节作用受光照波长、剂量、细菌类别及细菌状态的影响。更好地了解低强度激光治疗中双向剂量反应的程度能够探索PBM使用的最可靠机制, 并最终使各种疾病患者的治疗标准化, 这对于优化临床治疗是必要的。此外, 研究人员对PBM双向调节机制的合理利用使其可以达到促进或抑制细菌生长的作用, 这在微生物制造、菌群调节、改善和治疗疾病等领域有广阔的应用前景。

Non-invasive laser irradiation can induce photobiomodulation of cells and tissues. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is widely used, especially in antimicrobial infection and improving inflammation. However, studies have found that PBM has a bidirectional regulation of bacteria and inflammation. Antibacterial and pro-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory will change under different experimental conditions. In recent years, the clinical applications of PBM have received more and more attentions, especially in the field of antibacterial, because it is a noninvasive strategy with few contraindications. However, due to the bidirectional regulatory effect, researchers still have doubts about the application mode of PBM, and the parameters such as light wavelength and dose must be modified according to its clinical application. Therefore, this paper summarizes the bidirectional regulation effects of PBM on bacteria, and analyzes the influencing factors and molecular mechanism of this bidirectional regulation effect. The bidirectional regulation effect of PBM on bacteria is affected by light wavelength, dose, bacterial category and bacterial state. A better understanding of the degree of bidirectional dose-response in low-intensity laser therapy is necessary to optimize clinical treatment. It can also help explore the most reliable mechanism of PBM use and ultimately standardize the treatment of patients with various diseases. In addition, rational use of the bidirectional regulation mechanism of PBM can promote or inhibit the growth of bacteria, which has broad application prospects in the fields of microbial manufacturing, flora regulation, improvement and treatment of diseases.