光生物调节疗法作为口腔黏膜病治疗的辅助手段发展迅速, 它通过细胞吸收光子能量, 产生光化学效应, 从而调节各种各样的生物过程来达到治疗目的。本文就减少炎症、加速组织愈合、缓解疼痛以及光生物调节的双向剂量作用4个方面进行综述, 并深入探讨了其作用机制, 以便为临床医师应用光生物调节疗法治疗口腔黏膜病提供更好的临床决策和依据。

非侵入性激光照射可以诱导细胞和组织的光生物调节效应。光生物调节(PBM)应用广泛, 特别是在抗微生物感染和改善炎症方面有着很好的效果。然而, 研究发现, PBM对细菌和炎症有双向调节现象, 抗菌-促菌和抑炎-促炎在不同的试验条件下会发生变化。近些年来, PBM的临床应用受到越来越多的关注, 特别是在抗菌领域, 因为它是一种无创的策略, 禁忌症少。然而, 由于双向调节效应, 研究人员仍然对PBM的应用方式存疑, 必须根据其临床应用进行光照波长、剂量等参数的修改。因此, 本文总结了PBM对细菌的双向调节效应, 分析了这种双向调节效应产生的影响因素及其分子机制。PBM对细菌的双向调节作用受光照波长、剂量、细菌类别及细菌状态的影响。更好地了解低强度激光治疗中双向剂量反应的程度能够探索PBM使用的最可靠机制, 并最终使各种疾病患者的治疗标准化, 这对于优化临床治疗是必要的。此外, 研究人员对PBM双向调节机制的合理利用使其可以达到促进或抑制细菌生长的作用, 这在微生物制造、菌群调节、改善和治疗疾病等领域有广阔的应用前景。

研究低能量650 nm红光治疗屈光参差的疗效。选取3～18岁近视患者中屈光参差(等效球镜)大于1.00 D的42人(其中11人屈光参差大于1.50 D)，受试者均保持每日650 nm单波长红光治疗，通过治疗后第1、3、6、9和12个月的随访，发现重复低能量红光间断光照可缩小屈光参差眼的眼轴长度，治疗1个月后即见疗效，且更有利于治疗基线眼轴较长的近视眼。当同一个个体2眼眼轴不同时，对相同红光反应也不同。散光不影响红光的疗效。

玫瑰痤疮是一种主要累及面中部的慢性炎症性损容性皮肤病，确切的病因及发病机制尚未完全阐明，临床治疗棘手。尽管以往的局部外用药物和系统口服药物治疗对红斑毛细血管扩张型玫瑰痤疮(ETR)有一定的效果，但用药周期长、起效慢且容易反弹复发，特别是对潮红、灼热等主观症状改善不明显，患者的依从性差，满意度低，易存在焦虑抑郁等心理问题。近年来，随着脉冲染料激光、强脉冲光、Nd:YAG激光、KTP激光、Pro-Yellow激光、光生物调节疗法等多种光电技术广泛应用于临床，ETR的治疗方案选择性更广了，整体治疗效果得到了提升，医患双方的满意度也较前有所提高。本文对目前多种光电技术在ETR治疗中的应用进展作一综述。

眼球是机体的视觉器官，同时也是一个良好的光学模型，因此激光技术在眼科得到了广泛的临床应用，覆盖了几乎眼部各个亚专业疾病的诊断与治疗。目前，激光在眼部的应用主要借助其高空间分辨率、高空间定位精度，以及激光的热效应、光化学效应、光爆破效应、光切割效应和生物调节作用等实现。本文综述了激光在眼科各领域的应用现状，并结合激光技术本身的不断发展，总结了激光技术在眼科的临床应用进展及未来可能的突破点。

Photobiomodulation (PBM) promoting wound healing has been demonstrated by many studies. Currently, 630 nm and 810 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as light sources, are frequently used in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in clinics. However, the dose–effect relationship of LED-mediated PBM is not fully understood. Furthermore, among the 630 nm and 810 nm LEDs, which one gets a better effect on accelerating the wound healing of diabetic ulcers is not clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of 630 nm and 810 nm LED-mediated PBM in wound healing both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation significantly promoted the proliferation of mouse fibroblast cells (L929) at different light irradiances (1, 5, and 10mW/cm2. The cell proliferation rate increased with the extension of irradiation time (100, 200, and 500 s), but it decreased when the irradiation time was over 500 s. Both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation (5mW/cm2 significantly improved the migration capability of L929 cells. No difference between 630 nm and 810 nm LED-mediated PBM in promoting cell proliferation and migration was detected. In vivo results presented that both 630 nm and 810 nm LED irradiation promoted the wound healing and the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) in the wounded skin of type 2 diabetic mice. Overall, these results suggested that LED-mediated PBM promotes wound healing of diabetic mice through promoting fibroblast cell proliferation, migration, and the expression of growth factors in the wounded skin. LEDs (630 nm and 810 nm) have a similar outcome in promoting wound healing of type 2 diabetic mice.

低强度激光治疗(LLLT)是一种通过低强度激光照射相关皮肤、穴位等人体部位治疗心脑血管疾病、缓解疼痛、促进伤口愈合的新型物理方法。它能够刺激线粒体呼吸链的复合物Ⅳ(细胞色素c氧化酶)并增加腺苷三磷酸酯、活性氧化物、一氧化氮等物质的合成, 有助于定向调节细胞行为。高血压、高血糖和高血脂(三高)是最常见的血液疾病, 其导致的血液各参数的变化将引起其他脏器功能异常。目前, “三高”的发病群体数量日益增加, 患者偏年轻化, 因此迫切需要一种便携有效的治疗技术来应对该疾病。近年来研究发现, LLLT在血液系统疾病中有明显的作用, 能有效降低高血压。此外, LLLT还可以调节血糖, 并对因血糖过高导致的相关并发症起到一定的改善, 同时还可调节血脂的浓度, 但更多的应用侧重于前两者。这种治疗技术具有无创和便携等优势, 因此有望成为新的治疗方法。本文将对有关LLLT技术在“三高”中的应用及相关的机制进行综述。

随着医疗光电产品的升级, 人们对便携式医疗设备和全天候监测医学传感器的需求日益增大。得益于有机电致发光二极管(OLED)的柔性、可拉伸、轻薄、均匀辐照和贴合皮肤表面等优点, 其正成为可穿戴式生物医学设备的新型光源。本文详细介绍了OLED在光动力疗法、光电容积脉搏监测、光吸收式血氧监测、光遗传学和光生物调制等领域的应用进展, 充分展示了OLED在医疗光电产品中的应用潜力。为了满足临床应用对光源的需求, 提高OLED发光功率及延长其寿命是未来的重要发展方向。

Near-infrared (NIR) light has been shown to produce a range of physiological effects in humans, however, there is still no agreement on whether and how a single parameter, like the flicker frequency of NIR light, affects the brain. An 810 nm NIR LED was used as the stimulator. Fifty subjects participated in this experiment. Forty subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Each group underwent a 30-minute NIR LED radiation with four different frequencies (i.e., 0 Hz, 5 Hz, 10Hz and 20 Hz, respectively) on the forehead. The remaining 10 subjects formed the control group, in which they underwent a 30-minute rest period without light radiation. EEG signals of all subjects during each test were recorded. Gravity frequency (GF), relative energy change, and sample entropy were analyzed. The experimental groups had larger GF values compared to the control group. Higher stimulation frequency would cause larger growth of GF (F = 14.75, P < 0.001). The amplitude of alpha waves relative energy increased, while theta waves decreased remarkably in the experimental groups (p < 0.02), and the extent of increase/decrease was larger at higher stimulation frequency, compared to that of the control. Sample entropy of electrodes in the frontal areas were much larger than those in other brain areas in the experimental groups (p < 0.001). Larger frequency of the NIR LED light would cause more distinct brain activities in the stimulated areas. It indicates that NIR LEDlightmay have a positive effect onmodulating brain activity.These resultsmay help improve the design of photobiomodulation treatments in the future.

细胞的正常生长要求保持氧化与抗氧化平衡, 而高糖环境会破坏这种平衡, 使细胞倾向于氧化, 产生大量的氧化中间产物, 对细胞造成氧化应激(OS)损伤, 从而导致炎性因子分泌, 细胞增殖缓慢, 生长受到抑制。光生物调节作用(PBM)成为康复治疗中不可缺少的一种方法, 其一方面可以提高抗氧化物酶的活性, 调节抗氧化体系的平衡, 加速胶原合成,另一方面可促进细胞因子、生长因子的分泌, 减少炎性反应, 维持氧化与抗氧化平衡, 促进细胞增殖。大量的细胞试验、动物试验和临床研究对PBM的具体作用机制和疗效做了深入的研究与探讨。为更好地促进PBM在临床及生命科学领域的运用, 本文对现有的研究成果进行了回顾与梳理, 主要从高糖环境下的细胞损伤变化、PBM修复损伤的机制、PBM的研究进展及展望等方面进行了综述, 阐述了PBM对高糖诱导的细胞OS损伤修复的机制, 更好地推进了光学在生物医学领域的应用。