为了实现高纯度脉冲柱矢量光的输出，提出并搭建基于对称双模耦合器的波长可切换的被动锁模柱矢量全光纤激光器。根据光纤传输原理得到基模向高阶模转换的折射率匹配直径，运用模式耦合模理论及光束传播法模拟分析了对称双模耦合器的结构参数对模式选择及耦合特性的影响，采用熔融拉锥法并免去传统的模式选择耦合器制作上的预拉锥工艺制作了对称双模耦合器，通过搭建一套被动锁模柱矢量全光纤激光器实现了中心波长1 039 nm和1 068 nm可切换、脉冲时间间隔为113.8 ns、重频为8.78 MHz、脉宽660 ps/656 ps、最大输出平均功率为5.25 mW/5.2 mW、模式纯度大于97%的柱矢量光输出。实验验证了对称双模耦合器的可行性，为后续高纯度柱矢量光的获得提供一种可行的方案。

通过建立理想光学涡旋光子所携带轨道角动量模的平均误码概率和信息容量的光传输系统模型，研究了弱湍流光谱吸收海水中多相移键控调制下理想光学涡旋光子的传输特性。基于光传输系统中轨道角动量模的平均误码概率和信息容量模型的数值计算，分析了调制阶和信道参数对理想光学涡旋光子传输的影响。数值研究表明：随着水体虚折射率的增加，光传输系统的平均误码概率和链路信息容量减小。采用更大的环半径和更高的发射功率，可以实现以理想光学涡旋光子为信号载体的水下光传输系统的高信息容量和低平均误码概率的信息传输。最后，通过对该模型的数值分析，得出了平均误码概率和信息容量同时受信号波长和海水吸收系数影响的结论。

Based on the geometrical optics approximation, we analyze the effects of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on the spiral spectrum of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of Airy–Schell beams. Our numerical results of Airy–Schell beams on the horizontal path show that the beam spreading due to diffraction is smaller for shorter wavelengths, a smaller OAM quantum number, a larger radius of the main ring, and a higher arbitrary transverse scale in weak turbulence. The oscillation frequency of the mode probability density of Airy–Schell beams in the radial direction is much lower than that of Hankel–Bessel beams. The mode probability densities of Airy–Schell and Hankel–Bessel beams are remarkably dependent on the wavelength and OAM quantum number. In order to improve the mode probability density, Airy–Schell beams with shorter wavelengths and lower OAM quantum numbers may be the better choice, which is diametrically opposite to Hankel–Bessel beams. Our research provides a reasonable basis for selecting light sources and precise tracking.