端接光纤光栅应变传感器具有无多峰、栅区不直接受力和各点受力相等等优点,在基片式和夹持式等传感器封装中得到广泛应用。但黏接层的剪切变形会导致光纤光栅测量应变与基体结构应变不同,从而产生应变测量误差。实际使用中,需要准确获得黏接层剪切变形影响下光纤光栅应变与基体结构应变的函数关系,以提高应变的测量精度。为此,推导了线黏弹性表面黏贴式端接光纤光栅应变传递方程,建立了瞬时响应和准静态响应下光纤光栅和基体之间的平均应变传递模型。讨论分析了影响平均应变传递率的因素,给出明显优于栅区黏接式光纤光栅应变传感器的黏接层参数的影响规律。通过有限元仿真验证了理论方程的有效性。该模型为端接光纤光栅应变传感器的设计与应用提供依据。

生物散斑是激光照射在生物体表面产生的散斑现象。生物散斑的变化与生物体内的某些性质相关联，因而作为一种新型检测技术被广泛研究。生物散斑测量技术是一种无需全场扫描、非侵入式、可实时处理和可定性/定量测量的光学测量方法，在生物医学和农业领域得到了广泛的应用。对生物散斑测量的原理进行了分析，简述了国内外此项技术的研究进展和成果，并对常用的生物散斑图像处理算法的原理及优缺点进行了比较。

We develop and build a new type of inspection car. A beam that is not rigidly connected to the train axle boxes and can absorb the vibration and impact caused by the high speed train is used, and a laser-camera measurement system based on the machine vision method is adopted. This method projects structural light onto the track and measures gauge and longitudinal irregularity. The measurement principle and model are discussed. Through numerous practical experiments, the rebuilt car is found to considerably eliminate the measurement errors caused by vibration and impact, thereby increasing measurement stability under high speeds. This new kind of inspection cars have been used in several Chinese administration bureaus.

A new high-performance laser scanning system is designed. In this system, a scanning arm consisting of a pentagonal prism and a scanning object lens is used to replace the traditional F \theta lens, and a circular imaging plate transmission mechanism is specially designed in order to meet the requirement of the scanning arm. At the same time, the stimulation fluorescence can be obtained by the scanning arm. Some main factors that influence the spatial resolution and the performance of the laser scanner system are analyzed, and the analysis results are presented, which is helpful for further optimization design of the system. Experimental results indicate that the images obtained by the system have good visual effects and can meet the requirements of industrial inspection.

三角测量法是一种位移测量方法, 其测量精度不但受到传感器本身因素如光源、探测器、机械结构特性等因素的影响, 还受到被测表面特性如色泽、材料、粗糙度、倾斜度以及外界环境的影响。国内外的一些学者提出了许多提高传感器测量精度的方法, 但这些研究都是针对某一特性表面进行的, 没有涉及到对不同表面的测量时存在的问题。利用随机行走理论对物体表面的散射场进行了分析, 给出了不同粗糙度表面下弱散射光强与散射角及入射角的关系。由于设计制造的传感器量程范围内接收散射光的角度在15°至25°内变化, 因此取20°作为散射角角度, 理论计算模拟的三种不同粗糙面散射光强变化最大能达到300%左右。该结果对于优化激光三角传感器的设计和提高测量精度有一定的意义。