In low-light conditions, the single-photon light detection and ranging (Lidar) technique based on time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) is suited for collecting a three-dimensional (3D) profile of the target. We present a rapid 3D reconstruction approach for single-photon Lidar with low signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and few photons based on a combination of short-duration range gate selection, photon accumulation of surrounding pixels, and photon efficiency algorithm in this paper. We achieve the best noise filtering and 3D image reconstruction by choosing the optimal combined order of simple methods. Experiments were carried out to validate the various depth estimation algorithms using simulated data and single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array data under varying SBR. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve high-quality 3D reconstruction with a faster processing speed compared to the existing algorithms. The proposed technology will encourage the use of single-photon Lidar to suit practical needs such as quick and noise-tolerant 3D imaging.In low-light conditions, the single-photon light detection and ranging (Lidar) technique based on time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) is suited for collecting a three-dimensional (3D) profile of the target. We present a rapid 3D reconstruction approach for single-photon Lidar with low signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and few photons based on a combination of short-duration range gate selection, photon accumulation of surrounding pixels, and photon efficiency algorithm in this paper. We achieve the best noise filtering and 3D image reconstruction by choosing the optimal combined order of simple methods. Experiments were carried out to validate the various depth estimation algorithms using simulated data and single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array data under varying SBR. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve high-quality 3D reconstruction with a faster processing speed compared to the existing algorithms. The proposed technology will encourage the use of single-photon Lidar to suit practical needs such as quick and noise-tolerant 3D imaging.

面向医学检测领域对单色X射线的应用需求, 提出了一种X射线荧光单色仪的多阳极二次靶台结构优化设计方案。计算了不同能段X射线光子在人体皮肤、骨骼、脂肪中的穿透深度, 通过蒙特卡洛软件MCNP计算了原级X射线的最佳靶角、光子产生效率和辐射特性, 优选了阳极靶材料。在此基础上, 通过建立多能量点X射线荧光单色仪的二次靶台结构模型, 计算了不同阳极高压、靶角下二次铜靶的单色X射线转换效率, 量化了其Kα特征谱的占比。研究的相关工作为评估X射线荧光单色仪的辐射特性提供了一定依据。

透过散射介质的光学成像是人们长期追求但一直未能真正解决的问题。研究人员提出并发展了各种各样的方法和技术，从最早只利用弹道光的时间门和空间门技术，到后来利用了散射光的波前整形、散射矩阵测量和散斑自相关成像，再到近年热门的深度学习方法。尽管这些方法和技术都经过了毛玻璃、氧化锌薄膜、生物组织切片等薄散射介质的原理性验证，但随着介质厚度增加，所有方法和技术都迅速失效。厚度一直是难以克服的瓶颈。这篇评论归纳对比了散射成像的主要方法和技术，重新审视了经过散射介质波前被完全随机化等主流观点，分析了现有方法和技术无法透过厚散射介质成像的原因，并提出了未来有望真正解决问题的研究方向。

Bacterial resistance is today a matter of great medical concern, so it is urgent to investigate alternatives to alleviate it. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a method that has been endorsed to inactivate different pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. PDI is achieved by using a photosensitizer (PS) molecule which generates reactive oxygen species under visible or UV radiation. We use visible light and UV-A radiation to excite four commercial PSs (methylene blue, rose bengal, riboflavin and curcumin), and nanoparticles synthesized in our laboratory. Despite these PSs having been thoroughly studied in the past by other research groups, in order to compare their effects in an appropriate way, we matched the number of photons they absorb. We found that methylene blue leads to the major inactivation of Escherichia coli. Furthermore, we evaluated the production of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals in the photoinactivation process.Bacterial resistance is today a matter of great medical concern, so it is urgent to investigate alternatives to alleviate it. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a method that has been endorsed to inactivate different pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. PDI is achieved by using a photosensitizer (PS) molecule which generates reactive oxygen species under visible or UV radiation. We use visible light and UV-A radiation to excite four commercial PSs (methylene blue, rose bengal, riboflavin and curcumin), and nanoparticles synthesized in our laboratory. Despite these PSs having been thoroughly studied in the past by other research groups, in order to compare their effects in an appropriate way, we matched the number of photons they absorb. We found that methylene blue leads to the major inactivation of Escherichia coli. Furthermore, we evaluated the production of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals in the photoinactivation process.

针对相控阵雷达宽带宽角波束扫描普遍存在的孔径渡越和波束倾斜的问题，提出了一种基于微波光子技术的相控阵波束形成网络系统，该系统采用收发共用的延时方式，在保证收发波束指向高度一致的同时也减少了系统的设备量。建立了16通道的收发共用的波束扫描系统进行实验验证，实现了X频段范围内的±30°的收发波束扫描，不存在波束倾斜现象，接收和发射波束指向高度一致，结合雷达系统分时收发工作的特点，可有效提升相控阵雷达系统的扫描探测能力。