激光散斑衬比血流成像（LSCI）是一种利用激光散斑强度的时空统计特性来实现活体组织血流监测的全场光学成像技术，在临床诊断和生命科学等研究领域具有重要的应用价值。本文在介绍LSCI基本原理的基础上，重点对高信噪比LSCI、高分辨率LSCI、高精度LSCI、大成像深度LSCI和新型LSCI系统等关键技术及其应用的研究进展进行综述。首先，综述了各向异性滤波、特征值分解和变换域滤波的高信噪比LSCI技术，并总结了以运动伪影校正、失焦模糊校正和非均匀光强校正为目标的高分辨率LSCI技术的研究现状；然后，以实现高精度LSCI为目标，从静态散射光校正、定量LSCI技术和新型散斑衬比成像算法等方面阐述了高精度LSCI技术的研究进展；最后，总结大成像深度LSCI技术的发展现状与进展，介绍新型LSCI系统及其应用的最新研究成果，并对LSCI技术未来的发展方向和应用功能拓展进行总结和展望。

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an invaluable tool for visualizing subcellular structures in biomedical and life sciences. High-numerical-aperture (NA) immersion objective lenses are used to deliver excitation light to focus inside the biological tissue. The refractive index of tissue is commonly different from that of the immersion medium, which introduces spherical aberration, leading to signal and resolution degradation as imaging depth increases. However, the explicit dependence of this index mismatch-induced aberration on the involved physical parameters is not clear, especially its dependence on index mismatch. Here, from the vectorial equations for focusing through a planar interface between materials of mismatched refractive indices, we derive an approximate analytical expression for the spherical aberration. The analytical expression explicitly reveals the dependence of spherical aberration on index mismatch, imaging depth and excitation wavelength, from which we can expect the following qualitative behaviors: (1) Multiphoton signal and resolution degradation is less for longer excitation wavelength, (2) a longer wavelength tolerates a higher index mismatch, (3) a longer wavelength tolerates a larger imaging depth and (4) both signal and resolution degradations show the same dependence on imaging depth, regardless of NA or immersion on the condition that the integration angle is the same. Detailed numerical simulation results agree quite well with the above expectations based on the analytical approximation. These theoretical results suggest the use of long excitation wavelength to better suppress index mismatch-induced signal and resolution degradation in deep-tissue MPM.

为了消除或缓解光学相干断层成像方法中散斑等噪声对OCT 图像像质退化的影响，提出了基于波原子阈值去噪算法。波原子变换是一种新型的二维多尺度变换，且满足曲线波的抛物比例尺度关系和各向异性征；波原子适用于模式的任意局部方向，能够对轴方向的各向异性模式稀疏展开。本文利用波原子阈值去噪算法，对人眼眼底组织和手指指尖皮肤的OCT 图像进行降噪处理，并与传统的小波阈值算法和快速曲波算法对OCT 样品图像去噪效果进行对比分析。结果表明，基于波原子阈值去噪方法能够有效地抑制OCT 图像散斑噪声，并能保持图像边缘细节特征。