温度、湿度、压强是3个重要的大气参数。快速、准确地了解大气的温度、湿度和压强信息及其变化趋势，对天气、气候、人工影响天气等研究有重要意义。拉曼激光雷达通过分离拉曼散射信号反演得到各种大气环境相关参数，可实现对大气参数廓线信息的高精度探测，在大气温湿压探测中独具优势与潜力。本文介绍了拉曼激光雷达对大气温度、湿度和压强的探测原理与反演方法，着重介绍了拉曼激光雷达中滤光片、标准具、光栅等常用分光器件的优缺点及其进展，以及拉曼激光雷达中涉及到的探测技术。最后例举了利用拉曼激光雷达对气象参数测量的典型应用。

Optical levitation technology is a new levitation technology for trapping micro/nano-particles. By taking advantage of the mechanical effect of light, it has the characteristics of non-contact and high sensitivity. However, the traditional optical levitation system is large in volume, complex in adjustment, and greatly affected by the external environment. Herein, a miniature optical levitation system based on a laser diode, miniature lenses, and a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) particles cavity is proposed. First, we analyze the output spot characteristics of the laser diode. Being compared the characteristics of different kinds of laser diodes, the type, wavelength, and power of diodes in the levitation system are determined. Then, the micro-particles cavity is fabricated based on the MEMS process. The MEMS process is widely used in the manufacturing of micro-electronic devices because of its advantages of small size, high precision, and easy mass production. The particle cavity processed in this way can not only ensure the advantage of small volume, but also possesses high processing repeatability. The volume of the entire package including the light source, focusing lenses, and MEMS cavity is just Φ10mm×33mm, which is the smallest optical levitation system reported, to the best of our knowledge. After the entire levitation system is designed and set up, one silica particle of 10 µm diameter is stably trapped in the atmospheric environment. Finally, the micro-displacement and vibration signal are detected by a four-quadrant photoelectric detector to evaluate the stiffness of the optical levitation system.