Silicon nanomaterials have been of immense interest in the last few decades due to their remarkable optoelectronic responses, elemental abundance, and higher biocompatibility. Two-dimensional silicon is one of the new allotropes of silicon and has many compelling properties such as quantum-confined photoluminescence, high charge carrier mobilities, anisotropic electronic and magnetic response, and non-linear optical properties. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of two-dimensional silicon nanomaterials with a range of structures (silicene, silicane, and multilayered silicon), surface ligand engineering, and corresponding optoelectronic applications.Silicon nanomaterials have been of immense interest in the last few decades due to their remarkable optoelectronic responses, elemental abundance, and higher biocompatibility. Two-dimensional silicon is one of the new allotropes of silicon and has many compelling properties such as quantum-confined photoluminescence, high charge carrier mobilities, anisotropic electronic and magnetic response, and non-linear optical properties. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of two-dimensional silicon nanomaterials with a range of structures (silicene, silicane, and multilayered silicon), surface ligand engineering, and corresponding optoelectronic applications.

锂金属负极以其最高的理论比容量(3860 mAh·g ^-1)和最低的电化学电位(-3.04 V (vs SHE))被誉为电池界的“圣杯”。但是锂金属电池的缺点也尤为明显: 充放电过程中锂金属电池容易在负极不均匀沉积从而产生锂枝晶, 锂枝晶的产生会造成固体电解质介面(SEI)膜的持续破裂, 不稳定的SEI膜又会加剧锂枝晶的形成, 进而刺穿隔膜, 导致电池的循环性能下降, 产生安全隐患, 所以采取相应的措施在负极均匀沉积金属锂尤为重要。本研究使用商业化的铜网, 通过碱性溶剂的氧化和空气气氛煅烧, 在铜网表面形成均一的亲锂氧化铜纳米片阵列。铜网的3D结构可以有效减小电流密度, 亲锂的纳米片阵列可以降低锂的沉积过电势, 均匀沉积锂, 有效抑制锂枝晶的产生。在电流密度为3 mA·cm ^-2的半电池测试中, 稳定循环230圈后库伦效率稳定维持在99%以上; 搭配磷酸铁锂(LFP)全电池测试, 在1C(0.17 mA·mg ^-1)条件下可稳定循环300圈, 容量保持率为95%。本研究为锂金属负极3D集流体的设计提供了新思路。