为研究电脉冲触发真空沿面闪络开关在中、小通流条件下的适用性，基于直接镀铜基板工艺制作了真空沿面闪络开关样件并搭建了开关工作特性测试实验平台。通过实验手段初步研究了开关耐压特性、触发工作特性（触发延时、抖动、工作范围）和寿命特性。实验结果表明：有效间隙7.2 mm的真空沿面闪络开关直流耐压约40 kV；开关在18 kV工作电压下触发导通延时89.9 ns，抖动13.1 ns，开关在1～18 kV工作电压范围内均能可靠触发导通；连续考核约2300次后开关各项特性无明显变化。

金属表面等离激元是光与金属表面自由电子集体振荡耦合形成的一种表面电磁模式，具有突破衍射极限的光传输能力和纳米尺度的电磁能量局域效应。然而，亚波长、高局域的金属表面等离激元也同时呈现出能量损耗较高的特性，这使得等离激元光子器件的实用化仍然面临严峻挑战。碱金属作为等离激元领域的新材料，具有众多优异的性质，使之成为突破贵金属（金和银）光频损耗极限可能的材料体系之一。总结了金属表面等离激元的基本光学性质及其研究进展，在当前等离激元损耗研究的基础上，重点归纳了碱金属等离激元损耗的理论分析方法，并分析了碱金属等离激元的实验进展与当前需要解决的问题，为碱金属等离激元学的进一步发展提供了思路。

Large area and uniform monolayer MoS2 is of great importance for optoelectronic devices but is commonly suffering from rather weak photoluminescence. Here, by engineering the concentration profiles of gaseous chemicals through extra trace amounts of water, we demonstrate the uniform dendrite-type growth of monolayer MoS2 unraveled by spatially resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, which exhibits macroscopic monolayer flakes (up to centimeter scale) with photoluminescence intensity of orders of magnitude higher than conventional chemical vapor deposition monolayer MoS2. Both spectroscopic evidence and theoretical models reveal that the fast-fractal dendrite growth can be ascribed to the extra introduced water sources that generate sufficient aqueous gas around the S-poor regions nearby the central-axis zone, leading to highly efficient Mo sources transport, accelerated S atom corrosion nearby grain edges, and/or defect sites, as well as enhanced photoemission intensity. Our results may provide new insight for high throughput fabrication of MoS2 monolayers with high yield photoluminescence efficiency.

X光管是X射线源的关键部件，为了研制出便携式X射线标定源，研制了一种透射式X光管。该X光管是一个密封的电子束真空二极管，其阴极为竖直的梳齿状结构，电子更容易发射；靶窗为100 μm厚的钛片；内部为真空腔，使用95陶瓷作为真空界面绝缘体，采用金属-陶瓷封接工艺，真空度达到5×10^?5 Pa。实验结果表明，所研制的X光管在距靶窗20 cm处剂量约为20 mR，此时X射线的脉冲宽度约为5 ns。