长时程细胞成像及分析在生物医学研究中具有重要意义。然而，由于荧光显微镜存在光漂白和光毒性等问题，其应用受到一定限制。非标记成像技术为克服这些限制提供了可行的解决方案。研究了干涉光谱分析技术作为解决非标记长时程活细胞监测问题的潜在方法，并提出了一种基于高光谱干涉重构的非标记定量显微成像技术。通过建立描述干涉信号的数学模型，设计样本定量重构算法，从而获取活细胞纳米结构和干质量分布的定量信息。系统采用自反射式干涉结构，不依赖复杂的光学调制元件，结构简单、操作便捷。此外，本文还在光学显微成像的基础上集成了具有细胞培养能力的微型细胞培养箱，实现了原位长时程成像。利用该系统，研究了不同细胞全细胞周期内的纳米结构定量和干质量变化，展示了本工作在生物医学领域的应用潜力。

水泥基材料为多相多尺度结构，各组分均不同程度影响整体韧性，将相关组分按宏观、介观、纳观3个尺度分类概述其对水泥基材料的抗裂增韧机理。宏观尺度如胶凝组分、集料、外加剂、纤维、水胶比、养护制度等，分析其物化效应对水泥基材料抗裂增韧特性的影响机理；介观尺度如微珠、晶须、渗透结晶材料等微米级增强材料，阐述其火山灰、填充、桥接、键合、渗透结晶等增强效应；纳观尺度如纳米SiO2、纳米CaCO3、石墨烯、碳纳米管及微生物、纳米聚合物等纳米级增强材料，介绍其对水化产物微观结构、生长方式及硬化浆体孔结构的增强及优化机理；并阐述‘碳纤维+碳纳米管’、‘纤维+晶须+石墨烯’等跨尺度组分的共轭增韧效应。最后，讨论不同尺度增韧组分当前应用、研究中的不足及发展趋势。

激光耦合隧道结器件是国际前沿研究热点，伴随产生的电磁场局域增强或光整流等效应在等离激元光镊、单分子成像、单光子光源等领域有着重要的应用价值。为了解隧道结中的光电相互作用和特性，首先利用反馈电沉积制备获得了固态隧道结纳米器件，然后测定了激光功率、偏置电压、偏振方向和调制频率与光电流的关系，并结合有限元法和时域有限差分方法进行理论仿真，讨论了器件中光电流的组分及相关效应。结果表明，器件局部热膨胀效应、热伏效应和热载流子效应为光电流产生的主要原因，而光整流效应因受限于激光峰值功率，其结果并不显著。这些发现可为固态隧道结器件中的光学调控以及在纳米尺度上研究激光调制电子隧穿过程提供参考。

动力学模拟是催化反应动力学研究的重要手段之一, 有助于理解催化反应的内在机理, 对于设计高效稳定的纳米催化剂十分重要。基于经验力场的经典分子动力学计算速度快, 但计算精度有限。基于第一性原理的分子动力学方法精度高, 但计算速度慢, 难以大规模实施。近年来, 机器学习力场(MLFF)方法被广泛应用于势能面的开发, 基于MLFF的分子动力学(MLFF MD)方法兼顾计算速度与准确性, 为催化反应动力学研究带来了新契机。本文首先回顾了MLFF势能面构造的主要方法, 对基于对称函数的描述符设计原理和以嵌入式网络为基础的描述符构建方法进行了阐述, 展示了MLFF MD方法应用于催化剂结构/组分演变和催化反应过程动力学模拟中的最新进展, 进一步展望了MLFF在长时动力学模拟中所面临的挑战。

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with much deeper tissue penetration and better spatial resolution had been widely employed for the prevention and diagnosis of many diseases. In this study, a new type of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O2)-activated photoacoustic nanoprobe [Mn-AH nanoscale coordination polymer nanodots (NCPs)] was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step method in water phase containing 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), horse radish peroxidase (HRP), and manganese ion (Mn2+). After modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mn-AH NCPs exhibited excellent stability and biocompatibility for in vivo H₂O₂-responsive chromogenic assay with great specificity and sensitivity. In the presence of H₂O₂, colorless ABTS would be converted by HRP into the oxidized form with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, enabling photoacoustic detection of endogenous H₂O₂. Using H₂O₂-activated Mn-AH NCPs, we have successfully performed PA imaging and H₂O₂ detection of subcutaneous murine colon CT26 tumor and deep-seated orthotopic bladder tumor. Due to the inherent Mn element existence inside the Mn-AH, this nanoprobe also serves as a good T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent simultaneously. Lastly, after accomplishing its imaging functions, the Mn-AH NCPs could be cleared out from the body without any long-term toxicity, providing a new opportunity for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Photoacoustic (PA) imaging with much deeper tissue penetration and better spatial resolution had been widely employed for the prevention and diagnosis of many diseases. In this study, a new type of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O2)-activated photoacoustic nanoprobe [Mn-AH nanoscale coordination polymer nanodots (NCPs)] was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step method in water phase containing 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), horse radish peroxidase (HRP), and manganese ion (Mn2+). After modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG), Mn-AH NCPs exhibited excellent stability and biocompatibility for in vivo H₂O₂-responsive chromogenic assay with great specificity and sensitivity. In the presence of H₂O₂, colorless ABTS would be converted by HRP into the oxidized form with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, enabling photoacoustic detection of endogenous H₂O₂. Using H₂O₂-activated Mn-AH NCPs, we have successfully performed PA imaging and H₂O₂ detection of subcutaneous murine colon CT26 tumor and deep-seated orthotopic bladder tumor. Due to the inherent Mn element existence inside the Mn-AH, this nanoprobe also serves as a good T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent simultaneously. Lastly, after accomplishing its imaging functions, the Mn-AH NCPs could be cleared out from the body without any long-term toxicity, providing a new opportunity for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

AlGaN基材料作为带隙可调的直接带隙宽禁带半导体材料，是制备紫外光电子器件的理想材料。在无法获得大尺寸、低成本的同质衬底的情况下，高质量AlN薄膜的异质外延是促进紫外光电子器件发展的关键。本文中，通过调节蓝宝石衬底上AlN的金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)生长模式产生高密度纳米级孔洞，利用纳米级孔洞降低AlN的位错，并在此基础上外延了AlGaN量子阱结构，得到了275 nm波段的深紫外LED薄膜，并制备了开启电压约为4.8 V，反向漏电电流仅为2.23 μA(-3.0 V电压时)的深紫外LED器件。