近红外光免疫治疗（NIR-PIT）是一种结合抗体和光吸收剂IRDye700DX的新型肿瘤疗法，它既能够激活局部免疫效应，又能够增强肿瘤靶向性，已在不同肿瘤类型的治疗中显示出巨大的应用潜力。大量研究已经证实肿瘤微环境是导致肿瘤不断发展的重要原因，因此NIR-PIT中的光免疫偶联物靶点也已经扩展至肿瘤微环境中非肿瘤细胞的表面蛋白中。利用NIR-PIT局部消除肿瘤微环境中某些具有特定标志物的免疫抑制细胞、血管或肿瘤成纤维细胞，将解除免疫抑制，最大效率发挥机体的正常免疫功能，取得最佳的疗效。主要综述了NIR-PIT的治疗策略和靶向肿瘤微环境的最新研究进展。

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has limited effects in treating metastatic breast cancer. Immune checkpoints can deplete the function of immune cells; however, the expression of immune checkpoints after PDT is unclear. This study investigates whether the limited efficacy of PDT is due to upregulated immune checkpoints and tries to combine the PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor to observe the efficacy. A metastatic breast cancer model was treated by PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD-PDT). The anti-tumor effect of HpD-PDT was observed, as well as CD4+T, CD8+T and calreticulin (CRT) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Immune checkpoints on T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after HpD-PDT. When combining PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the antitumor effect and immune effect were assessed. For HpD-PDT at 100mW/cm² and 40, 60 and 80J/cm², primary tumors were suppressed and CD4+T, CD8+T and CRT were elevated; however, distant tumors couldn’t be inhibited and survival could not be prolonged. Immune checkpoints on T cells, especially PD1 and LAG-3 after HpD-PDT, were upregulated, which may explain the reason for the limited HpD-PDT effect. After PDT combined with anti-PD1 antibody, but not with anti-LAG-3 antibody, both the primary and distant tumors were significantly inhibited and the survival time was prolonged, additionally, CD4+T, CD8+T, IFN-γ+CD4+T and TNF-α+CD4+T cells were significantly increased compared with HpD-PDT. HpD-PDT could not combat metastatic breast cancer. PD1 and LAG-3 were upregulated after HpD-PDT. Anti-PD1 antibody, but not anti-LAG-3 antibody, could augment the antitumor effect of HpD-PDT for treating metastatic breast cancer.

Laser spectroscopic imaging techniques have received tremendous attention in the field of cancer diagnosis due to their high sensitivity, high temporal resolution, and short acquisition time. However, the limited tissue penetration of the laser is still a challenge for the in vivo diagnosis of deep-seated lesions. Nanomaterials have been universally integrated with spectroscopic imaging techniques for deeper cancer diagnosis in vivo. The components, morphology, and sizes of nanomaterials are delicately designed, which could realize cancer diagnosis in vivo or in situ. Considering the enhanced signal emitting from the nanomaterials, we emphasized their combination with spectroscopic imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis, like the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), photoacoustic, fluorescence, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Applications of the above spectroscopic techniques offer new prospects for cancer diagnosis.

三次谐波源于强脉冲激光照射样品时产生的三倍频光响应，可对生物组织实现无标记、亚细胞量级分辨率、近乎实时的成像。通过与二次谐波信号和双/三光子荧光信号相结合，三次谐波显微成像可在肿瘤术中揭示肿瘤组织的典型病理特征信息，比如细胞增生与血管增生等，从而为医生判断肿瘤边界进而做出肿瘤组织彻底切除与否的决策提供实时帮助。本文阐述了三次谐波显微成像的基本原理，讨论了它在肿瘤术中诊断方面的应用，探讨了基于三次谐波的小型化便携术中诊断仪器，并总结了三次谐波内窥成像的发展现状，这些内容的讨论有望推动三次谐波成像技术的临床化。

癌症是人类生命的一大威胁，而肿瘤的侵袭和转移是癌症患者死亡的主要原因之一。在这一复杂过程中，循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）等血液循环中的粒子起到十分关键的作用，所以监测血液循环中的CTC和其他肿瘤相关的粒子可以促进肿瘤转移的研究。光学活体流式细胞仪（IVFC）是一种基于激光的新兴技术，可在体内无创监测循环细胞，包括CTC等肿瘤相关的颗粒。这一强大的工具已被广泛应用于癌症相关的多个领域，尤其是肿瘤转移研究。因此，总结分析IVFC在肿瘤转移研究中的应用具有重要意义。本文介绍IVFC的检测原理，总结基于荧光发光、光声效应、计算机视觉等光学技术的荧光活体流式细胞仪、光声活体流式细胞仪、图像活体流式细胞仪等IVFC分类，对IVFC应用于肝癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、黑色素瘤等肿瘤转移的相关研究进行综述，并总结和展望IVFC对肿瘤转移研究的应用。

肿瘤微环境呈现出一个错综复杂的生态系统, 包括肿瘤细胞、非癌细胞、细胞外基质以及微生物群落等多种要素。微生物在肿瘤内广泛分布, 其在空间分布上呈现出显著的特异性。这些微生物的组成成分与功能状态在肿瘤的发生和进展中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文深入阐明了肿瘤微环境内微生物菌群的特征, 并探索其对肿瘤发生发展的影响机制, 以期为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供全新的策略和视角。

铜死亡是一种新的程序性细胞死亡途径，由铜与脂酰化三羧酸循环蛋白直接结合而启动。调节肿瘤细胞中的铜死亡是一种新的治疗方法。然而，铜死亡相关长链非编码 RNA（LncRNA）在肝细胞癌（ HCC）中的潜在作用和临床意义尚不明确。本研究基于 TCGA-LIHC数据集对 19个铜死亡相关基因进行共表达分析，共鉴定出 994个铜死亡相关 LncRNA。采用 LASSO回归和多因素 Cox回归分析筛选出 4个与铜死亡相关的预后 LncRNA（TMCC1-AS1、AC009974.2、AL355574.1和 DDX11-AS1）构建预后风险模型，并计算所有 HCC患者样本的风险评分。按 1:1的比例将肝癌患者分为高风险组和低风险组。 Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示，高风险组患者的总生存率（ OS）明显低于低风险组。回归分析和 ROC曲线证实了风险评分的预后价值。此外，本研究分析了风险评分与通路富集分析、免疫检查点基因、免疫细胞浸润、抗癌药物敏感性和体细胞基因突变之间的相关性。差异表达分析结果表明， TMCC1-AS1、AC009974.2、AL355574.1和 DDX11-AS1在肿瘤组织中的表达均升高。最后，利用收集的 8例行根治性手术肝癌患者的癌组织及癌旁肝组织进行实时荧光定量 PCR（qRT-PCR）验证，以增加本模型的组织学证据。本研究构建了一个由 4种铜死亡相关 LncRNA组成的风险模型，该模型与患者的预后及免疫浸润环境明显相关，在预测患者免疫治疗效果及指导化疗药物选择方面具有一定的临床应用价值。