在单级纳米多孔金属韧带上构建次级介孔，获得具有高密度“热点”的分级纳米多孔结构材料。采用时域有限差分法模拟得到分级纳米多孔结构局域电磁场强度及分布，借助拉曼光谱技术对脱合金所得分级纳米多孔金属的SERS特性进行检测。由实验和模拟结果可见，分级纳米多孔金属结构局域电磁场强度及“热点”密度均高于单级纳米多孔金属结构，表现出更好的表面增强拉曼散射特性，分级纳米多孔金和分级纳米多孔铜对结晶紫分子的检测极限均可达到10^-11 mol·L^-1，SERS增强因子相对于单级纳米多孔金属提高了两个数量级。次级结构的引入，可极大提高单级纳米多孔结构表面局域电磁场强度，为制备高性能SERS基底提供了新的方法。

Hierarchical nanoporous materials with high-density "hot spots" were obtained by constructing secondary mesopores on the single-stage nanoporous metal ligaments. The finite difference time domain method was used to simulate the local electromagnetic field intensity and distribution of hierarchical nanoporous structures， and the SERS characteristics of dealloyed hierarchical nanoporous metals were detected with the help of Raman spectroscopy. Combined experimental results with theoretical analysis， it can be seen that the local electromagnetic field intensity and hot spots density of the hierarchical nanoporous metals are higher than that of the single-stage nanoporous metals， resulting in better SERS activity. The detection limit of hierarchical nanoporous gold and hierarchical nanoporous copper for crystal violet molecules can reach 10^-11 mol·L^-1， and the SERS enhancement factor is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of single-stage nanoporous metals. The study indicates that the introduction of secondary structure can greatly improve the local electromagnetic field intensity of single-stage nanoporous metals， which provides a new method for preparing of high-performance SERS substrate.