AB(O,N)₃型钙钛矿氮氧化物是一类新型功能陶瓷材料, 具有独特的介电/磁/光催化等性能, 在能源存储与转化领域应用前景广阔, 但传统制备工艺耗时长且产物纯度较低。本研究以尿素为氮源、金属氧化物为前驱体, 采用无压放电等离子烧结设备一步合成了钙钛矿氮氧化物SrTa(O,N)₃陶瓷粉体, 并实现了快速致密化。深入研究了升温速率和合成温度对粉体组成与微观形貌的影响, 并对优化后制备的陶瓷块体进行了介电性能表征。结果表明, 较高的升温速率和适中的合成温度有利于氮化反应的充分进行, 在100 ℃/min和1000 ℃下制得的SrTa(O,N)₃粉体纯度最高, 氧氮化物相含量约97%, 粒径分布区间为100~300 nm, Sr、Ta、O、N 四种元素分布均匀。较优的致密化工艺为烧结温度1300 ℃、升温速率300 ℃/min、保温时间1 min, 经烧结制得的SrTa(O,N)₃陶瓷试片致密度可达94%以上, 且纯度很高, 该材料在300 Hz时的介电常数高达8349, 介电损耗为10^-4量级, 优于文献报道值。本研究制备的SrTa(O,N)₃陶瓷的高介电常数与致密度和纯度的调控密不可分, 这是因为气孔和杂质会降低材料介电常数, 高致密度和高纯度是SrTa(O,N)₃氧氮化物陶瓷获得优异介电性能的关键。

The perovskite-type oxynitride with AB(O,N)₃ formula is a new type of functional ceramic materials, which have unique dielectric/magnetic/photocatalytic properties and prospective applications in the field of energy storage and conversion. However, the traditional preparation process takes a long time and the product purity is low. In this study, SrTa(O,N)₃ ceramic powder was synthesized and densified by a pressureless spark plasma sintering equipment with urea as nitrogen source and metal oxides as precursors. Effects of heating rate and synthesis temperature on the composition and microstructure of the powder were deeply investigated, and the dielectric properties of the optimized ceramic bulks were characterized. The results show that higher heating rate and moderate synthesis temperature are beneficial to sufficient nitridation, while the SrTa(O,N)₃ powder prepared at 100 ℃/min and 1000 ℃ possesses the highest purity (~97% oxynitride phase content) with a particle size distribution of 100-300 nm. Elements of Sr, Ta, O and N are evenly distributed. The optimized densification process is firstly sintering at 1300 ℃, with heating rate of 300 ℃/min, and dwelled for 1 min. After sintering, the density of SrTa(O,N)₃ ceramic pellet can reach >94% with a high purity. Dielectric constant and loss tangent of the material are 8349 and 10^-4 level at 300 Hz, respectively, which are superior to that reported in the literature. The high dielectric constant prepared in this study is closely related to standard density and purity, because the existence of pores and impurities can reduce the dielectric constant of materials. Therefore, high density and purity are the key factors to obtain excellent dielectric properties of SrTa(O,N)₃ oxynitride ceramics.