以福建龙岩高岭土、安徽钾长石、江西星子石英为陶瓷主要原料, 添加适量的硅酸锆为增强相, 研究了硅酸锆引入量、烧成温度、保温时间等因素对日用陶瓷性能的影响, 探究了硅酸锆颗粒弥散分布对日用陶瓷的强化机理。结果表明: 当引入硅酸锆含量为 6% (质量分数 ), 烧成温度为 1 300℃、保温时间为 30 min时, 强化效果最好, 抗弯强度从基础配方的(58±6) MPa提升至(106±11) MPa, 提升幅度为 83%。硅酸锆颗粒弥散分布在基体内部, 由于其与基体热膨胀系数的差异, 冷却过程中在基体内部产生径向压应力与切向张应力, 使裂纹在颗粒处钉扎, 从而提高了陶瓷强度。

A porcelain was prepared with Kaolin clay, potassium feldspar and quartz as raw materials and zirconium silicate as a reinforcing material. The effects of zirconium silicate content, firing temperature and holding time on the properties of porcelain were investigated, and the strengthening mechanism of zirconium silicate particle dispersion on the porcelain was analyzed. The results show that the optimum porcelain reinforcement can be obtained at zirconium silicate content of 6%, firing temperature of 1 300 ℃ and holding time of 30 min. The bending strength increases from (58±6) MPa to (106±11) MPa, and the growth rate is 83%. The radial compressive stress and tangential tensile stress are generated in the matrix during the cooling process due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficient between zirconium silicate particles and matrix, resulting in the increased porcelain strength.