以福建龙岩高岭土、安徽钾长石、江西星子石英为陶瓷主要原料, 添加适量的硅酸锆为增强相, 研究了硅酸锆引入量、烧成温度、保温时间等因素对日用陶瓷性能的影响, 探究了硅酸锆颗粒弥散分布对日用陶瓷的强化机理。结果表明: 当引入硅酸锆含量为 6% (质量分数 ), 烧成温度为 1 300℃、保温时间为 30 min时, 强化效果最好, 抗弯强度从基础配方的(58±6) MPa提升至(106±11) MPa, 提升幅度为 83%。硅酸锆颗粒弥散分布在基体内部, 由于其与基体热膨胀系数的差异, 冷却过程中在基体内部产生径向压应力与切向张应力, 使裂纹在颗粒处钉扎, 从而提高了陶瓷强度。

To improve the acoustic radiation performance of the spherical transducer, a prestressed layer is formed in the transducer through fiber winding. The influence of the prestressed layer on the transducer is studied from the effects of the radial prestress (Tr) and acoustic impedance, respectively. First, a theoretical estimation of Tr is established with a thin shell approximation of the prestressed layer. Then, the acoustic impedance is measured to evaluate the efficiency of sound energy transmission within the prestressed layer. Further, the ideal effects of Tr on the sound radiation performances of the transducer are analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, four spherical transducers are fabricated and tested to investigate their dependence of actual properties on the prestressed layer. The results show that with the growth of Tr, the acoustic impedance of the prestressed layer grows, mitigating the enormous impedance mismatch between the piezoelectric ceramic and water, while increasing attenuation of the acoustic energy, resulting in a peak value of the maximum transmitting voltage response (TVRmax) at 1.18 MPa. The maximum drive voltage increases with Tr, leading to a steady growth of the maximum transmitting sound level (SLmax), with a noticeable ascend of 3.9 dB at a 3.44 MPa Tr. This is a strong credibility that the prestressed layer could improve the sound radiation performance of the spherical transducer.To improve the acoustic radiation performance of the spherical transducer, a prestressed layer is formed in the transducer through fiber winding. The influence of the prestressed layer on the transducer is studied from the effects of the radial prestress (Tr) and acoustic impedance, respectively. First, a theoretical estimation of Tr is established with a thin shell approximation of the prestressed layer. Then, the acoustic impedance is measured to evaluate the efficiency of sound energy transmission within the prestressed layer. Further, the ideal effects of Tr on the sound radiation performances of the transducer are analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, four spherical transducers are fabricated and tested to investigate their dependence of actual properties on the prestressed layer. The results show that with the growth of Tr, the acoustic impedance of the prestressed layer grows, mitigating the enormous impedance mismatch between the piezoelectric ceramic and water, while increasing attenuation of the acoustic energy, resulting in a peak value of the maximum transmitting voltage response (TVRmax) at 1.18 MPa. The maximum drive voltage increases with Tr, leading to a steady growth of the maximum transmitting sound level (SLmax), with a noticeable ascend of 3.9 dB at a 3.44 MPa Tr. This is a strong credibility that the prestressed layer could improve the sound radiation performance of the spherical transducer.

为了探究膜片封装光纤激光水听器中光纤激光器产生弯曲振动的机理，首先基于梁的横向振动理论建立了光纤激光器弯曲振动模型，之后根据实际的封装结构进行了有限元仿真，分析了光纤激光器的固有频率与光纤激光水听器频响之间的定量关系，最后批量封装了光纤激光水听器，进行实验验证。仿真及实验结果表明：光纤激光器两端采用一体化硬固定方式易使光纤激光器发生弯曲振动；当光纤激光器的一阶固有频率落在工作频段内时，在谐振峰附近，光纤激光器的中心波长发生非均匀漂移，此时在远离谐振峰的频段内，水听器频响的平均值约为－135 dB，谐振峰值约为－125 dB。本研究为光纤激光水听器封装工艺的后续改进提供了参考。

为了解决平板型太阳能聚光器因受力不均匀导致的聚光效率下降的问题, 提出了以9块阵列透镜作为聚光模组的装配方式.设定聚光模组阵列与光波导板之间的空气间隙为2 mm, 通过ANSYS软件对聚光器进行线性静力分析和模态分析.设定风速为18 m/s, 高于指标等级14 m/s, 聚光器的模态分析基频为0.038 s, 满足结构刚度无需考虑动态影响的条件.讨论了结构组件在受到极限静风载的情况下, 聚光模组与光波导板结构之间的位移变化和对应的前6阶的模态系数.结果表明: 静力分析情况下聚光模组结构与光波导板之间的空气间隙最大位移为0.049 mm, 满足设计精度要求; 在5种角度工况下, 前6阶模态振型与施加预应力的模态振型相差在1%以内, 且对应振型图形态类似, 证明风载荷对于振型无影响.