含铜生物材料在高浓度铜离子释放时对细菌有优异的抑制作用, 但同时具有细胞毒性; 而在低浓度铜离子释放时虽然具有良好的细胞相容性, 但其抗菌性能低。因此, 开发一种含铜生物材料, 使其能够在高浓度铜离子释放情况下同时具有优异抗菌性能和良好细胞相容性, 具有重要意义。本研究利用钼和铜之间的拮抗作用原理, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钼掺杂铜硅钙石, 并通过细菌平板实验和细胞活力实验评价了材料的抗菌性能和细胞相容性。实验结果显示, 钼掺杂铜硅钙石释放的高浓度铜离子(高于8.87 μg∙mL ^-1)对金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑制性能。同时, 由于铜钼离子的拮抗作用能降低高浓度铜离子对细胞的毒性, 钼掺杂铜硅钙石释放的铜离子在9.65 μg∙mL ^-1的高浓度下依然能保证人脐静脉内皮细胞存活率高达90%。因此, 钼掺杂可以作为含铜生物材料降低其细胞毒性的一种有效途径, 为开发低细胞毒性含铜抗菌生物材料提供了新的路径。

Copper-containing biomaterials have excellent inhibitory effect on bacteria growth by releasing copper ions at high concentration, which may have cytotoxicity at the same time. Although low concentration of copper ions has good cytocompatibility, the antibacterial activity is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop copper- containing biomaterials, which have excellent antibacterial property and good cytocompatibility. In this study, on considering the antagonistic effect between copper and molybdenum, molybdenum doped cuprorivaite (Mo-Cup) was synthesized by Sol-Gel method and its antibacterial properties and cell compatibility were evaluated by bacterial plate experiment and cell activity assay. The results showed that copper ions with high concentration (above 8.87 μg∙mL ^-1) released from Mo-Cup had a good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, because the antagonistic effect between copper and molybdenum ions released from Mo-Cup can reduce the cytotoxicity of high concentration of copper ions, the survival rate of umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was as high as 90% in the extracts of Mo-Cup at a high Cu ion concentration (9.65 μg∙mL ^-1). Therefore, molybdenum doping can be considered as an effective approach to reduce the cytotoxicity of copper-containing biomaterials for the development of low-toxic antibacterial biomaterials.