针对高分辨率遥感影像中建筑物形状多样、大小不一引起建筑物提取精度低及传统分割模型存在参数量大等问题，提出一种基于编码-解码的轻型多尺度差异网络LMD-Net（Lightweight Multi-scale Difference Network）。首先，为了避免单一的特征处理单元堆叠使得模型性能弱化而产生无效参数，通过融合编解码结构的功能差异性，设计出一种轻型差异模型优化性能。其次，引入一种多尺度膨胀感知模块（Multi-Scale Dilation Perception，MSDP）来增强网络捕捉多尺度目标特征的能力。最后，通过双融合机制有效聚合深层跳跃连接和深层解码器两组的特征信息，从而实现增强解码器的特征恢复能力。为验证轻型多尺度差异网络LMD-Net的有效性和适用性，以开源WHU building dataset数据集作为数据源，对LMD-Net网络与常用语义分割网络及近年相关文献研究成果进行了精度、效率方面的评估实验。结果表明：LMD-Net网络在效率与精度两方面均表现出明显优势，不仅很大程度上减少模型的参数量和计算量，而且交并比、准确率分别提高了3.23%，2.57%。表明在基于高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取领域中，该模型所表现的优势具有良好的城市空间信息库价值。

To address the problem of low accuracy of building extraction in high-resolution remote sensing images due to the diverse shapes and sizes of buildings and large number of parameters in traditional segmentation models， a Lightweight Multi-scale Difference network （LMD-Net） based on encoding-decoding is proposed. First， to avoid the invalid parameters caused by the degraded model performance due to the stacking of single feature processing units， a lightweight differential model is designed to improve the performance by integrating the functional differences of codec structures. Next， a Multi-scale Dilation Perception （MSDP） module is introduced to enhance the ability of the network to capture multi-scale target features. Finally， the double fusion mechanism is used to effectively aggregate the feature information of the deep jump connection and deep decoder to enhance the feature recovery ability of the decoder. To verify the validity and applicability of LMD-Net， the open source WHU building dataset was used as the data source to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of LMD-Net and the common semantic segmentation network as well as the results from recent relevant literature. The results show that LMD-Net has obvious advantages in both efficiency and accuracy， which not only greatly reduces the parameter number and calculation amount of the model but also improves the intersection ratio and accuracy by 3.23% and 2.57%， respectively. Consequently， this model is advantageous in the field of building extraction based on high-resolution remote sensing images to generate an urban spatial information base.