理论分析了波长为2 µm的掺铥光纤放大器中受激布里渊散射（SBS）对激光输出性能的影响，研究了双包层掺铥光纤在793 nm的泵浦波长和1.9~2.1 µm的激光工作波段的光模分布、有效折射率、有效模场面积和归一化频率，数值计算了在1.9~2.1µm的激光工作波段双包层掺铥光纤中的布里渊频移和布里渊增益谱等SBS特性。利用增益光纤中的受激布里渊散射理论模型，研究了受激布里渊散射对掺铥光纤放大器激光输出性能的影响。在DTDF-10/130双包层掺铥光纤中，使用功率为100 W、波长为793 nm的连续光作为泵浦，可对波长为2 μm、功率为0.01 W的连续信号光进行放大。当泵浦光功率填充因子为0.01、0.02和0.03时，信号光的最大输出功率分别为25.27 W、31.08 W和34.06 W。对应的最佳双包层光纤长度为2.66 m、2.02 m和1.75 m，由受激布里渊散射产生的斯托克斯光功率分别为1.68 W、1.39 W和1.14 W。结果表明，在掺铥光纤放大器中使用泵浦光功率填充因子大的双包层光纤可以降低光纤长度，从而减小受激布里渊散射对信号激光输出功率的影响。本文的数值模型可以对光纤放大器的光纤长度进行优化，对提高实验效率、降低实验成本具有重要价值。

The optical rogue wave (RW), known as a short-lived extraordinarily high amplitude dynamics phenomenon with small appearing probabilities, plays an important role in revealing and understanding the fundamental physics of nonlinear wave propagations in optical systems. The random fiber laser (RFL), featured with cavity-free and “modeless” structure, has opened up new avenues for fundamental physics research and potential practical applications combining nonlinear optics and laser physics. Here, the extreme event of optical RW induced by noise-driven modulation instability that interacts with the cascaded stimulated Brillouin scattering, the quasi-phase-matched four-wave mixing as well as the random mode resonance process is observed in a Brillouin random fiber laser comb (BRFLC). Temporal and statistical characteristics of the RWs concerning their emergence and evolution are experimentally explored and analyzed. Specifically, temporally localized structures with high intensities including chair-like pulses with a sharp leading edge followed by a trailing plateau appear frequently in the BRFLC output, which can evolve to chair-like RW pulses with adjustable pulse duration and amplitude under controlled conditions. This investigation provides a deep insight into the extreme event of RWs and paves the way for RW manipulation for its generation and elimination in RFLs through adapted laser configuration.

On-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has attracted extensive attention by introducing acousto-optic coupling interactions in all-optical signal processing systems. A series of chip-level applications such as Brillouin lasers, amplifiers, gyroscopes, filters, and nonreciprocal devices are realized based on Brillouin acousto-optic interaction. Here, we first introduce the fundamental principle of SBS in integrated photonics and a method for calculating Brillouin gain; then we illustrate the Brillouin effect on different material platforms with diverse applications. Finally, we make a concise conclusion and offer prospects on the future developments of on-chip SBS.

A continuous-wave (CW) single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) Raman laser at 1240 nm with power of up to 20.6 W was demonstrated in a free-running diamond Raman oscillator without any axial-mode selection elements. The SLM operation was achieved due to the spatial-hole-burning free nature of Raman gain and was maintained at the highest available pump power by suppressing the parasitic stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). A folded-cavity design was employed for reducing the perturbing effect of resonances at the pump frequency. At a pump power of 69 W, the maximum Stokes output reached 20.6 W, corresponding to a 30% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency from 1064 to 1240 nm. The result shows that parasitic SBS is the main physical process disturbing the SLM operation of Raman oscillator at higher power. In addition, for the first time, the spectral linewidth of a CW SLM diamond Raman laser was resolved using the long-delayed self-heterodyne interferometric method, which is 105 kHz at 20 W.

This work demonstrates the generation of short pulse duration and high-beam-quality laser pulses using transient stimulated Brillouin scattering at a high repetition rate. Thermal effects and optical breakdown are identified as the main factors that restrict energy reflectivity and beam quality under high repetition rates and transient situations. Through experimental analysis, the interaction length and focal point size are determined to be the key parameters in reducing the thermal effect by reducing the absorption of the laser pulse by the medium. The obtained results show that pulses with a duration of 175 ps and beam quality M² of around 1.2 can be achieved with a maximum energy reflectivity of over 40% under an interaction length of 50 mm. Furthermore, at an interaction length of 90 mm, a pulse output with a minimum duration of 115 ps (0.5τ_Q) is achieved.

受激布里渊散射相位共轭镜（SBS-PCM）因能实时补偿静态和动态波前畸变、提高光束质量，在激光领域受到广泛关注，但仍存在高功率泵浦下引发损伤和输出光束质量下降的问题。液体增益介质具有高增益、高抗损伤阈值和尺寸拓展性强的特点，目前是高能高功率激光领域最广泛应用的SBS介质，但随着注入功率的提升，热效应引发的液体介质热对流会导致反射Stokes光中出现波前畸变，降低了其光束质量补偿效果。文中发展了高功率泵浦下介质池内热对流的数值模型，定量分析了热对流强度随相互作用时间的变化规律，着重探讨了泵浦光重复频率对热对流强度分布的影响，并结合热对流强度解释了光斑畸变程度。研究结果表明：泵浦光注入初期，热对流强度在达到极值后小幅下降最后趋于稳定；泵浦光重复频率是影响热对流强度的重要因素，热对流强度与重复频率呈正相关；随着热对流强度的增强，光斑偏移程度逐渐增大。文中从液体介质流动性角度分析了泵浦光重复频率与介质热对流的关系，对完善光热效应模型提供了新的研究方向。

固体布里渊增益介质是目前实现高稳定、高重复频率受激布里渊散射（SBS）的重要光学元件，能够产生高光束质量的相位共轭光。然而，不同于被广泛研究的液体布里渊增益介质，目前针对固体布里渊增益介质如何产生高效率高能量的SBS尚无成熟的研究。近日，笔者团队以块状熔融石英作为布里渊增益介质，在高强度纳秒激光脉冲泵浦下，围绕熔融石英中的SBS能量转换效率和损伤阈值与泵浦光纵模的关系开展了研究，实现了最高单脉冲能量183.1 mJ、反射率为81.0%、斜效率高达85.8%的相位共轭光输出。该研究结果对于实现高功率全固态的SBS相位共轭镜，进而提升脉冲激光器的输出功率水平、获得高稳定高效率的SBS运转具有重要的指导意义。

布里渊散射是指入射到介质的泵浦光束与介质内的弹性声波声子发生相互作用而产生的三阶非线性光散射现象。在受激布里渊散射（SBS）脉冲压缩过程中，时域脉宽压缩研究较为广泛，但压缩过程中频域线宽变化与介质粘度、折射率等特性密切相关，因此文中研究聚焦单池结构下SBS脉冲压缩过程中介质FC-770产生的Stokes线宽变化影响因素，发现随着泵浦能量的增加，Stokes线宽先迅速增加后逐渐压窄至400 MHz左右，而随着产生池前透镜焦距的逐渐减小，Stokes线宽迅速压窄，且随能量变化线宽变化范围减小，最后探究了入射激光线宽对Stokes线宽变化的影响因素，得出介质FC-770产生的Stokes线宽值与入射激光线宽呈正比例关系，入射激光线宽值由280 MHz变化到450 MHz左右时，输出的Stokes线宽值由500 MHz变化到680 MHz左右。