柱矢量光束因其独特的偏振分布特性而在光镊、高分辨率成像、遥感、等离子体聚焦等领域发挥着重要作用。为实现全光纤高功率柱矢量MOPA激光器，采用自主设计基于集成超表面的模式转换光纤器件，进行了理论分析与实验验证。自主设计集成超表面的模式转换光纤器件可直接稳定输出数瓦功率的径向偏振柱矢量种子光，且输出模式纯度可达95%以上。实验中通过降低弯曲损耗并对模式进行控制，获得了单级放大输出功率为52.2 W的径向偏振柱矢量光稳定输出，且模式光场分布在输出功率增加过程中并未出现明显变化。为进一步分析输出的模式特性，采用旋转检偏器的方法检测输出光的偏振特性及偏振纯度，并利用非相干模式叠加方法计算了输出的径向偏振柱矢量光的模式纯度。结果表明，集成超表面模式转换的全光纤柱矢量MOPA激光器在最大输出功率情况下，输出光的偏振纯度约为95.2%，模式纯度约为94%，验证了该全光纤方案的可行性。

The cylindrical vector beam (CVB) has been extensively studied in recent years, but detection of CVBs with on-chip photonic devices is a challenge. Here, we propose and theoretically study a chiral plasmonic lens structure for CVB detection. The structure illuminated by a CVB can generate single plasmonic focus, whose focal position depends on the incident angle and the polarization order of CVB. Thus, the incident CVB can be detected according to the focal position and incident angle and with a coupling waveguide to avoid the imaging of the whole plasmonic field. It shows great potential in applications including CVB-multiplexing integrated communication systems.

The vector dynamics of solitons are crucial but easily neglected for realizing vortex solitons. In this Letter, we investigate the effect of vector dynamics on cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) implementation and propose a novel technical method to realize femtosecond CVBs based on vector-locked solitons, which are presented as group-velocity-locked vector solitons (GVLVSs) in the experiment. The outstanding vector properties of GVLVSs not only greatly improve the efficiency of solitons converted into CVBs and output power of CVBs (2.4 times and 4.1 times that of scalar solitons and vector change periodical solitons, with the purity of 97.2%), but also relax the obstacle of ultrafast CVBs from the fundamental frequency to the harmonic regime (up to 198 MHz) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. This is the highest repetition rate reported for ultrafast CVBs based on passive mode-locking. The investigation of the influence of solitons vector dynamics evolution on the realization of CVBs provides guidance for the excellent performance of ultrafast CVBs.

In this paper, we demonstrate a scheme to tailor both longitudinal and transverse modes inside a laser cavity and constitute an eye-safe single longitudinal mode Er:Y3Al5O12 (Er:YAG) vector laser. A q-plate is employed as a spin-orbital conversion element to modulate the transverse mode and obtain cylindrical vector beams. An optical isolator is employed as a non-reciprocal element for the ring cavity to enforce unidirectional operation and achieve single longitudinal oscillation. The characteristics of power, transverse intensity, and polarization spectrum of the output beams are observed. The observed typical single longitudinal mode and highly matched special polarizations prove the successful tailoring of both longitudinal and transverse modes.

Cylindrical vector beams and vortex beams, two types of typical singular optical beams characterized by axially symmetric polarization and helical phase front, possess the unique focusing property and the ability of carrying orbital angular momentum. We discuss the formation mechanisms of such singular beams in few-mode fibers under the vortex basis and show recent advances in generating techniques that are mainly based on long-period fiber gratings, mode-selective couplers, offset-spliced fibers, and tapered fibers. The performances of cylindrical vector beams and vortex beams generated in fibers and fiber lasers are summarized and compared to give a comprehensive understanding of singular beams and to promote their practical applications.

A rotating neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) disk laser resonator for efficiently generating vector beams with azimuthal and radial polarization is demonstrated. In the study, the laser crystal rotary for thermal alleviation and polarization discrimination uses c-cut ytterbium vanadate (YVO₄). The laser output could be switched between azimuthal and radial polarizations by simply adjusting the cavity length. The laser power reached 4.38 W and 4.64 W for azimuthally and radially polarized beams at the slope efficiencies of 45.3% and 48.5%, respectively. Our study proved that an efficient, high-power vector rotary disk laser would be realistic.

通过单模光纤和少模光纤熔融拉锥耦合的方法制备出模式转换器，而后将一层多壁的碳纳米管薄膜作为可饱和吸收体覆盖到拉锥光纤的锥区，形成一种可饱和吸收体柱矢量光器件.结合调Q光纤激光器和模式转换器件的优势，可以简单高效地产生脉冲柱矢量光束，并得到具有峰值功率高、模式纯度高等特点的脉冲高阶模式激光输出.通过实验实现了中心波长为1 560 nm、最大单脉冲能量和最大峰值功率分别为116 nJ和57 mW的稳定调Q脉冲输出.通过调节光路中的偏振控制器，可以分别实现径向和角向偏振的调Q脉冲激光的输出.