溶剂交换法广泛应用于水泥基材料的干燥和终止水化中。本文综述了溶剂交换对水泥浆体显微结构的影响。阐述了交换参数(样品尺寸、液-固比、交换时间和去除方法)的选取原则。重点论述了常见交换溶剂(异丙醇、丙酮、甲醇和乙醇)与水泥水化产物(氢氧化钙、水化硅酸钙和钙矾石)之间存在的物理化学反应。在交换参数和溶剂的影响下，对比分析了水泥基材料的孔结构参数(孔隙率和孔径分布)。最后提出了溶剂交换方法目前存在的问题及研究展望。

A polymer based horizontal single step waveguide for the sensing of alcohol is developed and analyzed. The waveguide is fabricated by 3-dimensional (3D) printing digital light processing (DLP) technology using monocure 3D rapid ultraviolet (UV) clear resin with a refractive index of n = 1.50. The fabricated waveguide is a one-piece tower shaped ridge structure. It is designed to achieve the maximum light confinement at the core by reducing the effective refractive index around the cladding region. With the surface roughness generated from the 3D printing DLP technology, various waveguides with different gap sizes are printed. Comparison is done for the different gap waveguides to achieve the minimum feature gap size utilizing the light re-coupling principle and polymer swelling effect. This effect occurs due to the polymer-alcohol interaction that results in the diffusion of alcohol molecules inside the core of the waveguide, thus changing the waveguide from the leaky type (without alcohol) to the guided type (with alcohol). Using this principle, the analysis of alcohol concentration performing as a larger increase in the transmitted light intensity can be measured. In this work, the sensitivity of the system is also compared and analyzed for different waveguide gap sizes with different concentrations of isopropanol alcohol (IPA). A waveguide gap size of 300 μm gives the highest increase in the transmitted optical power of 65% when tested with 10 μL (500 ppm) concentration of IPA. Compared with all other gaps, it also displays faster response time (t = 5 seconds) for the optical power to change right after depositing IPA in the chamber. The measured limit of detection (LOD) achieved for 300 μm is 0.366 μL. In addition, the fabricated waveguide gap of 300 μm successfully demonstrates the sensing limit of IPA concentration below 400 ppm which is considered as an exposure limit by “National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health”. All the mechanical mount and the alignments are done by 3D printing fused deposition method (FDM).

采用电化学腐蚀方法分别在HF+异丙醇（IPA）和HF+IPA+十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CATC）溶液中制备多孔硅结构阵列，分别讨论HF酸浓度、CTAC、刻蚀电流、刻蚀时间对多孔硅阵列的形貌的影响。结果表明：在质量分数40%HF, H2O, IPA的体积比为7∶4∶29时得到优化的多孔硅阵列；腐蚀电流密度越大，孔壁越薄；初始的腐蚀会向外扩展直到形成的孔径达近10 μm，在窗口8 μm、间距5 μm的硅片上腐蚀的孔壁表面出现小孔。CTAC的加入会使孔壁上刻蚀出小孔，并随着CTAC的增加，小孔的孔径减小，数量增加。

为了提高聚合物微流控芯片的键合效率，以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微流控芯片为对象，以微型注塑机为平台，研究了聚合物模内键合方法。利用注塑机提供的合模力作为键合力，利用模温机提供键合温度，选择异丙醇作为辅助溶剂，借助溶剂溶解特性来降低模内键合中的键合温度和压力。在30~70 ℃，用测量显微镜和台阶仪测试分析了不同键合温度条件下，辅助溶剂对芯片的表面形貌和微通道结构的影响; 利用辅助溶剂进行模内键合实验，用电子万能实验机测试了芯片的键合强度，对模内键合工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明: 异丙醇对键合质量的影响与键合温度、键合时间有关，在较高温度下会使芯片产生皲裂、微沟槽变形和堵塞; 在键合温度为35 ℃，键合时间为5 min时，芯片的表面质量和微沟槽形貌较完整，键合强度不小于2.64 MPa。

研究了紫外光照射下异丙醇-水配合液的偏振荧光光谱，以及不同荧光峰处光子强度随时间的衰变过程，计算了偏振度并讨论了其偏振特性，测试了不同峰位对应的荧光寿命并分析了其荧光发射特性。结果表明,异丙醇-水配合液在紫外光激励下发射的荧光为具有确定分子取向的部分偏振光，偏振度和各向异性度分别为0.542和0.441。在波长为220 nm和232 nm的激发光照射下，荧光峰位于277，284，293，309 nm,对应寿命均约为17 ns。而328，345，362 nm荧光峰对应的平均寿命分别约为21，22，16 ns，这与氢键作用下异丙醇和水形成团簇结构的相对稳定性有关。