为准确得到某型无人机红外辐射特性，用 3.7～4.8 .m中波、7.7～10.3 .m长波红外热像仪对某型无人机地面滑跑状态的红外辐射亮度进行了测量，用 MODTRAN大气辐射传输软件对测量过程的大气透过率、大气程辐射进行了计算。测量结果表明，该状态下无人机机身蒙皮辐射较弱，辐射亮度与地面及背景辐射亮度接近，且各个方向辐射亮度基本一致，长波波段机身蒙皮辐射亮度为相应部位中波波段辐射亮度的 280倍左右；发动机辐射亮度远高于机身蒙皮辐射亮度，受机身遮挡、机体结构等原因影响，发动机辐射亮度具有方向性，后向辐射最强。

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and plays an essential physiological role in the human body. Ethanol precipitation is the most widely used way to obtain HSA, and pH and ethanol are crucial factors affecting the process. In this study, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics were used to investigate the changes in the secondary structure and hydration of HSA at acidic pH (5.6–3.2) and isoelectric pH when ethanol concentration was varied from 0% to 40% as a perturbation. IR spectroscopy combined with the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis for acid pH system proved that the secondary structure of HSA changed significantly when pH was around 4.5. What’s more, the IR spectroscopy and 2DCOS analysis showed different secondary structure forms under different ethanol concentrations at the isoelectric pH. For the hydration effect analysis, NIR spectroscopy combined with the McCabe–Fisher method and aquaphotomics showed that the free hydrogen-bonded water fluctuates dynamically, with ethanol at 0–20% enhancing the hydrogen-bonded water clusters, while weak hydrogen-bonded water clusters were formed when the ethanol concentration increased continuously from 20% to 30%. These measurements provide new insights into the structural changes and changes in the hydration behavior of HSA, revealing the dynamic process of protein purification, and providing a theoretical basis for the selection of HSA alcoholic precipitation process parameters, as well as for further studies of complex biological systems.

为分析研究运输类飞机的红外辐射特性及辐射亮度分布, 用3.7~4.8 μm中波、7.7~10.3 μm长波红外热像仪对空客A320飞机迎头飞行状态的红外辐射亮度进行了测量, 并用相对对比度对红外辐射进行描述。结果表明, 该状态下飞机红外辐射主要来源为气动加热造成的蒙皮辐射。涡轮风扇高速旋转状态下的中波、长波辐射亮度对比度分别达到了0.61、0.37, 高于机身其他部位的蒙皮辐射亮度; 机翼和尾翼中波、长波辐射亮度对比度分别在0.04~0.05、0.02~0.10, 为该飞机蒙皮辐射亮度最低的部位; 机腹、机头部位中波辐射亮度对比度高于长波辐射亮度对比度, 对比度分别在0.30~0.33、0.16~0.18。研究结果对目标特性研究、红外侦察探测、红外侦察设备研制及检测等工作具有一定的参考价值。

连作障碍是中药材地黄种植过程中最大的难点, 每茬收获后须隔8～10年后方可再种植, 但连作障碍产生的机理尚不明确。 提出一种基于傅里叶红外光谱技术（FTIR-ATR）和二维红外相关光谱（2D-IR）分析方法。 采集正茬1年（YA-one）、 重茬1年（YA-two）、 10年前种植过（YA-ten）、 空白（CK）4种地黄土壤样品的光谱, 进行Norris滤噪平滑+二阶导数、 二维相关光谱分析处理并提取特征光谱, 分析土壤中化合物的指纹图谱。 结果显示: 不同连作茬次地黄土壤的峰形基本相似, 红外光谱主要特征吸收峰在3 621, 3 439, 2 932, 2 860, 2 513, 1 798, 1 636, 1 433, 1 029, 887, 783, 695, 546和469 cm-1附近。 与CK相比, YA-two的吸收强度最大, 这些吸收峰表征酚酸中羟基-OH、 羰基CO、 C-O、 苯环的取代吸收等官能团, 说明在重茬的地黄中, 酚酸类物质积累。 在2 925和2 857 cm-1表征是糖苷类中饱和亚甲基-CH2的反对称伸缩振动和对称伸缩振动, YA-two的吸收强度最小, YA-ten的吸收强度最大。 说明重茬土壤中, 糖苷类成分含量下降。 不同连作茬次地黄土壤在920～1 750, 1 490～1 710和1 500～1 548 cm-1中二维红外相关光谱, 自动峰和交叉峰的位置、 个数、 以及强弱都不相同, 清晰地表征出官能团的差异。 结果表明采用傅里叶红外光谱和二维红外相关光谱能够实现土壤中有机化合物的快速检测, 为研究地黄连作障碍研究提供理论依据。

随着哥伦比亚祖母绿矿的日益枯竭, 巴基斯坦祖母绿逐渐成为市场的主力军之一, 运用常规宝石学仪器、 红外光谱仪、 激光拉曼光谱仪、 紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪(UV-Vis-Nir)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿谱学特征进行了较系统的研究。 结果表明, 巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿颜色整体呈深绿色-深蓝绿色, 折射率较高为1.589～1.615。 巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿中含有种类和数量较多的内含物, 其中三相内含物呈边界清晰平直的矩形且具有明显定向性, 与俄罗斯、 赞比亚和埃塞俄比亚产区祖母绿的三相内含物接近。 根据同一样品不同颜色的紫外-可见-近红外光谱和LA-ICP-MS的分析表明, 在颜色较深的区域, 紫外-可见-近红外光谱显示相对较强的427, 608, 637和679 nm(o光)Cr的R线吸收以及在o光下370 nm Fe的吸收, 同时此区域内Cr和Fe含量相对较高, 因此祖母绿色带是由含量不同的Cr和Fe所致。 巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿是由Cr致色, V对颜色有一定贡献且Cr/V极高。 根据LA-ICP-MS结合红外光谱可知, 巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿属于富碱祖母绿, 在红外光谱的指纹区显示了与一般祖母绿相同的振动吸收峰, 在中红外区4 000～2 000 cm-1, 低强度3 518和3 700 cm-1为Ⅰ型水不对称伸缩振动, 其他的水谱带饱和; 中等强度的3 232 cm-1为［Fe2(OH)4］2+多聚合离子吸收谱带; 在8 000～5 000 cm-1近红外光谱区, 在垂直于c轴的方向上, 5 264 cm-1为Ⅰ/Ⅱ型水ν3+ν2合频吸收带, 中等7 097 cm-1为Ⅱ型水倍频振动峰、 弱的7 187和6 842 cm-1为Ⅰ型水倍频振动峰; 在平行c轴方向上, 5 272 cm-1为Ⅰ/Ⅱ型水ν3+ν2合频吸收带, 7 073 cm-1为Ⅰ型水的合频振动峰, 7 185 cm-1为Ⅱ型水的倍频振动峰。 总之, 巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷的祖母绿的主要致色离子为Cr3+和Fe3+, 碱金属离子含量偏高, 属于Ⅱ型水为主的祖母绿类型。

Metalens are planar lenses composed of the subwavelength arrays, which have unconventional and versatile functionalities to manipulate the light fields compared with the traditional lens. It is noted that the most metalens are designed in a monochromatic mode in the visible or mid-infrared range (mid-IR), however, the broadband range is needed in many practical applications, such as spectroscopy, sensing, and imaging. Here, we design and demonstrate a broadband achromatic dielectric metalens in the mid-IR range of 4 μm - 5 μm for near diffraction-limited (1.0λ) focusing. The broadband achromatic propagation and focusing of the metalens are designed and simulated by constructing and optimizing the phase profile. The Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phases of all the elements contribute to the main phase increment of the whole phase profile of the metalens. The additional phase is constructed and optimized by using the random search algorithm to obtain the optimized size of all the elements. The focusing efficiency of the achromatic metalens is also optimized and averaged as the result of phase optimization within a wide band for the building elements, while it is lowered comparing with the regular metalens without broadband achromatic designing. Using this combined designing approach, various flat achromatic devices with the broadband metalens can find a new way for full-color detection and imaging.